The Defense Tech Underground

Rylan Hamilton and Austin Gray are co-founders of Blue Water Autonomy, a venture-backed defense tech startup designing and building the next generation of autonomous ships for the U.S. Navy and beyond.

Hamilton began his career as a Surface Warfare Officer in the Navy before moving into robotics. He joined Kiva Systems (later Amazon Robotics), where he scaled warehouse automation from thousands to tens of thousands of robots, and went on to co-found a robotics company acquired by Shopify for hundreds of millions. Gray started as a Navy intelligence officer, later helped launch defense tech initiatives at MIT, and spent time in a Ukrainian drone factory before turning to maritime autonomy. Together, they founded Blue Water Autonomy to tackle one of America’s most pressing challenges: revitalizing shipbuilding and expanding the Navy’s fleet with cost-effective, autonomous vessels.

In this episode of Defense Tech Underground, we sit down with Rylan and Austin to explore how autonomy at sea is reshaping the future of maritime power. We cover:

This conversation highlights how two veterans turned robotics entrepreneurs are bringing private capital, Silicon Valley speed, and deep Navy experience to one of the hardest problems in defense: building ships faster, smarter, and more resilient.

This episode is hosted by Josh Pickering and Jeff Phaneuf.

Full Bios:

Rylan Hamilton

Austin Gray

John Clark is Senior Vice President of Technology and Strategic Innovation at Lockheed Martin Skunk Works, the legendary advanced development program behind the U-2, SR-71, F-117, and F-35. Over his 27-year career, including 25 inside Skunk Works, he has led some of the most important innovations in aerospace and defense. Chris Moran is Vice President and General Manager of Lockheed Martin Ventures, the corporate venture arm investing in breakthrough startups across AI, autonomy, advanced manufacturing, power, and propulsion to bring critical technologies into Lockheed’s programs.

In this episode of Defense Tech Underground, we sit down with John and Chris to explore how a century-old prime contractor sustains a culture of innovation while working alongside a new generation of defense tech startups. We cover:

This conversation highlights how the largest defense contractor in the world is leaning into venture capital, software-hardware convergence, and cultural lessons from Skunk Works to keep pace with evolving threats while partnering with startups.

This episode is hosted by Josh Pickering and Andrew Couillard.

Full Bios:

John Clark

Chris Moran

Jonny Dyer is the Co-Founder and CEO of Muon Space, an end-to-end space systems provider that designs, builds, and operates LEO satellite constellations that deliver mission-critical data. Prior to Muon, Jonny held technical leadership roles at Google Maps and Lyft, and was the Chief Engineer at Skybox Imaging. 

On this episode of the Defense Tech Underground, Jonny discusses his background at Skybox Imaging and his experience building Muon Space. He describes Muon’s approach to building satellite constellations end to end, and highlights the role of the FireSat constellation to provide operational guidance on the mitigation of wildfires. Jonny shares lessons learned from leading Muon, and explains how he has thought through pivotal moments in Muon’s journey, such as their recent acquisition of Starlight Engines. 

This episode is hosted by Helen Phillips and Bryan Harvey. 

Full Bio: 

Jonny Dyer is Co-Founder & CEO of Muon Space, with a remarkable career spanning aerospace, geospatial technology, and complex systems engineering across industry-shaping companies. As Chief Engineer at Skybox Imaging, he led development of the largest high-resolution satellite constellation ever deployed before the company's $500M acquisition by Google in 2014. At Google, he headed Maps' data collection team developing Street View cars and aircraft platforms, then served as Senior Director at Lyft's Level 5 Autonomous Vehicle group leading vehicle platform design and deployment. Currently an Operating Partner at Space Capital and advisor to Ubiquity.vc, Jonny also serves as a founding member of EDF's MethaneSat Technical Advisory Group and has served on multiple National Academies studies and committees. He holds MS and BS degrees in Mechanical Engineering from Stanford University and has authored widely-cited research spanning thermodynamics, radiation effects, and imaging systems.

Ray Powell is the Founder and Director of SeaLight, a maritime transparency project of the Gordian Knot Center for National Security Innovation at Stanford University. He is also the co-host of the “Why Should We Care About the Indo-Pacific?” podcast. Ray served 35 years in the U.S. Air Force, including posts in the Philippines, Japan, Germany and Qatar, as well as combat tours in Iraq and Afghanistan.

On this episode of the Defense Tech Underground, Ray describes his 35 year career in the United States Air Force, his path to Stanford, and his journey to founding SeaLight. He explains China’s gray zone tactics in the South China Sea and SeaLight’s efforts to shed light on those activities. Ray offers insight into needed countermeasures to build up readiness and deterrence as well as the broader geopolitical landscape in the Indo-Pacific. 

This episode is hosted by Helen Phillips and Bryan Harvey. 

Full Bio:

Ray Powell is the Founder and Director of SeaLight, a maritime transparency project of the Gordian Knot Center for National Security Innovation at Stanford University, California. He is also the co-host of the “Why Should We Care About the Indo-Pacific?” podcast. Ray served 35 years in the U.S. Air Force, including posts in the Philippines, Japan, Germany and Qatar, as well as combat tours in Iraq and Afghanistan. He served as the U.S. Defense Attaché to Australia and the U.S. Air Attaché to Vietnam. 

Dr. Craig Martell served as the Chief Digital and Artificial Intelligence Officer for the DOD from June 2022 through April 2024. While at the Pentagon, he helped the Department of Defense modernize their approach to employing software. He now works as the Chief AI Officer for Cohesity, a cybersecurity startup that helps companies secure, analyze, and manage their data.

In this episode of the Defense Tech Underground, we discuss Dr. Martell’s path from teaching computer science to leading a major Pentagon office, his early career in big tech at the dawn of AI, his concerns about the use of generative AI in warfare, and how tech startups can be effective by innovating alongside warfighters.

This episode is hosted by Jeff Phaneuf and Andrew Paulmeno.

Full Bio: 

Dr. Craig Martell is the former Chief Digital and Artificial Intelligence Officer for the United States Department of Defense. 

As Chief AI Officer of Cohesity, Craig shapes Cohesity’s technical vision—and defines and executes a strategic roadmap for the company’s future. Craig brings extensive industry and public sector experience and expertise in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning to his role. Most recently, as the first Chief Digital and Artificial Intelligence Officer (CDAO) for the U.S. Department of Defense, Craig accelerated the adoption of data, analytics, digital solutions, and AI functions. Prior to the DoD, he held senior roles at several leading technology companies. He served as Head of Machine Learning at Lyft, Head of Machine Intelligence at Dropbox, and was a leader of numerous AI teams and initiatives at LinkedIn. Craig was also a tenured computer science professor at the Naval Postgraduate School specializing in natural language processing. He holds a Ph.D. in Computer Science from the University of Pennsylvania.

Dan Berkenstock is an entrepreneur, aerospace engineer, and Stanford PhD who co-founded Skybox Imaging, a satellite imaging company acquired by Google in 2014. He is a Distinguished Research Fellow at Stanford University's Hoover Institution, focusing on space and defense policy research and recommendations. Dan sits on several boards of venture-backed aerospace start-ups and teaches aerospace entrepreneurship in the Stanford School of Engineering.

On this episode of the Defense Tech Underground, Dan describes the journey of building Skybox Imaging, launching SkySat-1, and joining Google post-acquisition. He discusses his recent Hoover publication, the Defense Tech Playbook, designed to help new founders in defense build a strategic, financial path to quickly transition capabilities to the warfighter. Dan shares detailed recommendations for expanding the impact of the STRATFI program and how the DoD can better articulate demand signals to the startup ecosystem. 

This episode is hosted by Helen Phillips and Jon Hoey. 

Full Bio:

Dan Berkenstock is a distinguished research fellow at the Hoover Institution. His work aims to ensure sustained American aerospace leadership well into the twenty-first century and provides space-related scholarship and policy recommendations through Hoover's Technology Policy Accelerator. From 2008 to 2017, Berkenstock was the founding chief executive officer, later chief product officer, of Skybox Imaging.

In his policy research, Dan focuses on the critical advancements needed to reduce the risk of conflict in space during a forthcoming period of rapid expansion. His technical research focuses on expanding convex and polynomial optimization techniques to identify globally optimal vehicle designs in aerodynamic shape optimization problems, with a focus on low-observability hypersonic vehicles.

At Skybox, he oversaw the fundraising of more than $100 million in venture capital, helped reset the benchmark for performance in the optical, small satellite arena, and led the company through a $500 million acquisition by Google. The twenty-one Skybox satellites continue to operate as the world’s largest high-resolution commercial imaging constellation, providing timely imagery of major conflicts that is often featured in major media outlets and imagery used daily by defense and intelligence customers.

For his work at Skybox, Dan was recognized as Via Satellite magazine’s Satellite Executive of the Year in 2014 and was named to MIT Technology Review’s “Innovators under 35” in 2011. He continues to engage with the space start-up community by serving as an independent director on several boards of venture-backed aerospace start-ups and teaching aerospace entrepreneurship in the Stanford School of Engineering.

Dan completed his PhD in aeronautics and astronautics at Stanford University, where he also received a master of science. He graduated from the University of Michigan with a bachelor of science in aerospace engineering. During this time, he completed four tours as a cooperative education student at NASA’s Johnson Space Center.