Today we're traveling back to 1930s Spain with The Devil's Backbone! Join us to learn about human specimen preservation, mammoth hunting, the children of leftists in the Spanish Civil War, aerial bombing of Barcelona and other major cities, and more!

Sources:

Film Background:

Wiki: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Devil%27s_Backbone Criterion Collection: https://www.criterion.com/films/27914-the-devil-s-backbone Rotten Tomatoes: https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/devils_backbone Mark Kermode, "The Devil's Backbone: The Past Is Never Dead..." Criterion Essays (30 July 2013). https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/2850-the-devil-s-backbone-the-past-is-never-dead Dariel Figueroa, "How The World's Biggest Director Saved Guillermo del Toro's Dad From Kidnappers," Uproxx (10 October 2014). https://uproxx.com/movies/guillermo-del-toro-kidnapped-father/

Children of Leftists:

Katya Adler, "Spain's stolen babies and the families who lived a lie," BBC (18 October 2011). https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-15335899 Lucia Benavides, "How Spanish Women Were Allegedly Targeted In 'Stolen babies' Cases For Decades," NPR (17 August 2018). https://www.npr.org/2018/08/17/639226190/how-spanish-women-were-allegedly-targeted-in-stolen-babies-cases-for-decades Peter Anderson, "The Struggle over the Evacuation to the United Kingdom and Repatriation of Basque Refugee Children in the Spanish Civil War: Symbols and Souls," Journal of Contemporary History 52:2 (April 2017): 297-318. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44504017 Hywel Davies, Fleeing Franco: How Wales gave shelter to refugee children from the Basque country during the Spanish Civil War (University of Wales Press, 2011). https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qhdfv.2 "Learn: Forgotten Stories of Basque Child Refugees in England," https://www.unhcr.org/uk/refugeeweek/havens-east/ Frank Schauff, "Fates formed by the Spanish Civil War. Recent books on exiled children, prisoners of concentration camps and Interbrigadistas," Iberoamericana 3: 10 (June 2003): 189-191. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41673209 Jesus Alonso Carballes, "Los "Ninos de la Guerra" o las Huellas del Exilio Infantil de la Guerra Civil en el Espacio Publico," Historia Social 76 (2013): 107-124. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23496333

Limbo Water:

Julie V. Hansen, "Resurrecting Death: Anatomical Art in the Cabinet of Dr. Frederick Ruysch," The Art Bulletin 78, 4 (1996) Alvar Martinez-Vidal and Jose Pardo-Tomas, "Anatomical Theatres and the Teaching of Anatomy in Early Modern Spain," Medical HIstory 49, 3 (2005) Sue Anne Prince, et al "Stuffing Birds, Pressing Plants, Shaping Knowledge: Natural History in North America, 1730-1860," Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 93, 4 (2003) Michael G. Rhode, "The Rise and Fall of the Army Medical Museum and Library," Washington History 18, 1/2 (2006)

Hunting Mammoths:

Brigit Katz, "Two Traps Where Woolly Mammoths Were Driven to Their Deaths Found in Mexico," Smithsonian Magazine (8 November 2019). https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/found-mexico-two-traps-where-woolly-mammoths-were-driven-their-deaths-180973522/ AP Archive, "Human-built "mammoth traps" rewrite Mexico's early history," AP Archive YouTube (22 May 2020). https://youtu.be/q9Q7to6kx3Y Melvin Konner, "Scientific Tools Bring to Life a Mammoth Hunt," The Wall Street Journal (14 April 2016). https://www.wsj.com/articles/scientific-tools-bring-to-life-a-mammoth-hunt-1460646482 Jaroslaw Wilczynski, Piotr Wojtal, Martin Oliva, Krzysztof Sobczyk, Gary Haynes, Janis Limowicz, and Gyorgy Lengyel, "Mammoth hunting strategies during the Late Gravettian in Central Europe as determined from case studies of Milovice I (Czech Republic) and Krakow Spadzista (Poland)," Quaternary Science Reviews 223 (1 November 2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.105919 W.D. Strong, "North American Indian Traditions Suggesting a Knowledge of the Mammoth," American Anthropologist 36:1 (Jan.-Mar. 1934): 81-88. https://www.jstor.org/stable/661759 "Uncovers Evidence of Early Mammoth Hunters," The Science News-Letter 27:722 (9 February 1935): 92. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3912120

Aerial Bombing in the Spanish Civil War: Interactive Map, Bombs Dropped on Barcelona: http://btvdatalab.github.io/barcelona-800-dies-sota-bombes-/navegable.html Giles Tremlett, "Barcelona Pursues Italy Over 1938 Bombing," The Guardian, available at https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/27/barcelona-pursues-italy-1938-bombing "The Visual Front: Posters of the Spanish Civil War," UCSD Collections, available at https://library.ucsd.edu/speccoll/visfront/ayuda.html Federico Lopez-Terra, "80 Years On From the Guernica Bombing and Spain is Still Struggling to Honour Historical Memory," The Conversation, available at https://theconversation.com/80-years-on-from-the-guernica-bombing-and-spain-is-still-struggling-to-honour-historical-memory-76238