Did That Really Happen?

This week we're traveling back to 1920s Minnesota with Sweet Land! Join us as we learn about immigrant marriages, German acceptance in Minnesota, English-only churches, and more! We also debut the new Tina Belcher Film Grading Scale, and award this film a respectable score of Two Butts.

Sources:

La Vern J. Rippley, "Conflict in the Classroom: Anti-Germanism in Minnesota Schools, 1917-19," Minnesota History 47, no.5 (1981): 170-83. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20178699  Tina Steward Brakebill, "From "German Days" to "100 Percent Americanism": McLean County, Illinois 1913-1918: German Americans, World War One, and One Community's Reaction." Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 95, no. 2 (2002): 148-171. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40193520  Ehsan Alam, "Anti-German Nativism, 1917-1919," MNOpedia, https://www.mnopedia.org/anti-german-nativism-1917-1919  Becky Little, https://www.history.com/news/anti-german-sentiment-wwi  https://blogs.loc.gov/international-collections/2022/09/german-immigration-loclrblogint/ 

Mark Kuss, "Hey Man! Watch Your Language: Treatment of Germans and German Americans in New Orleans during World War I," Louisiana History 56, no.2 (2015): 178-98. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24396453  Paul Ramsey, ""The War against German-American Culture: The Removal of German-Language Instruction from the Indianapolis Schools, 1917–1919." Indiana Magazine of History 98, no. 4 (2002): 285-303. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27792420  Elizabeth Dorsey Hatle and Nancy M.  Vaillancourt, "One Flag, One School, One Language: Minnesota's Ku Klux Klan in the 1920s." Minnesota History 61, no. 8 (2009): 360-371. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40543955 

Gary Marks, Matthew Burbank, "Immigrant Support for the American Socialist Party, 1912 and 1920," https://www.jstor.org/stable/1171437 

"Go West, Young Woman! An Exploration of Mail Order Brides in America." Smithsonian, available at https://postalmuseum.si.edu/research-articles/go-west-young-woman Isabel Kaprielian-Churchill, "Armenian Refugee Women: The Picture Brides, 1920-1930," Journal of American Ethnic History (Spring 93) Marian L. Smith, "'Any Woman Who is Now or May Hereafter Be Married': Women and Naturalization, ca 1802-1940," Genealogy Notes 30, 2 (1998) Seema Sohi, "Barred Zones, Rising Tides, and Radical Struggles: The Antiradical and Anti-Asian Dimensions of the 1917 Immigration Act," Journal of American History (2022)

Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweet_Land IMDB: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0428038/ https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-nov-16-wk-movie16-story.html

This week we're going back to postwar Tokyo with Godzilla Minus One! Join us as we learn about the rebuilding of Ginza, war orphans, sea mine removal, how Godzilla stands upright in the water, and more!

Sources: "Ginza," Tokyo Official Website: https://www.ginza.jp/en/history/2#:~:text=As%20early%20as%20April%2C%201946,Ginza%20%2Ddori%20during%20this%20festival.&text=In%20addition%20to%20the%20regular,goods%20to%20the%20US%20troops. "Post-war Ginza," Old Tokyo, available at https://www.oldtokyo.com/post-war-ginza-1945/ "The Lost Metropolis: 1930s Tokyo Street Life in Pictures," The Guardian available at https://www.theguardian.com/cities/gallery/2019/may/17/the-lost-metropolis-1930s-tokyo-street-life-kineo-kuwabara-in-pictures

US Naval Institute, "Success Meant Death: An Interview with Kaoru Hasegawa," available at https://www.usni.org/magazines/naval-history-magazine/1995/october/success-meant-death-interview-kaoru-hasegawa Richard Lloyd-Parry, "Survivor Shame," The Independent, available at https://www.independent.co.uk/news/survivor-shame-1592965.html Roger B. Jeans, "Victims or Victimizers? Museums, Textbooks, and the War Debate in Contemporary Japan," Journal of Military History 69, 1 (2005) Lili van der Does-Ishikawa, "Contested Memories of the Kamikaze and the Self-Representations of Tokko-Tai Youth in Their Missives Home," Japan Forum 27, 3 (2015) John W. Dower, Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II. WW Norton, 2000.

Mariko Asano Tamanoi, "The Origins and Plight of Sensō Koji (War Orphans) In Postwar Japan," APJIF, 18, iss. 13, no.1 (2020). https://apjjf.org/2020/13/tamanoi  Robert Efirt, "Japan's "War Orphans": Identification and State Responsibility," The Journal of Japanese Studies 34, no.2 (2008): 363-88. http://www.jstor.com/stable/27756572  Mariko Asano Tamanoi, "Memory Map 3: Orphans' Memories," Memory Maps: The State and Manchuria in Postwar Japan (University of Hawai'i Press, 2009), 84-114. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt6wqrg5.7 

Sheldon Garon, "Operation STARVATION, 1945: A Transnational History of Blockades and the Defeat of Japan," The International History Review 46, no.4 (2024): 535-50.  Michael Sturma, "Mopping Up," in Surface and Destroy: The Submarine Gun War in the Pacific (University Press of Kentucky, 2011). https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt2jcr03.13  John S. Chilstrom, Mines Away! The Significance of U.S. Army Air Forces Minelaying in World War II (Air University Press, 1992).  John S. Chilsstrom, "A Test for Joint Ops: USAAF Bombing Doctrine and the Aerial Minelaying Mission," Air Power History 40, no.1 (1993): 35-43. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26279445  Lieut. Commander Arnold S. Lott, USN, "Japan's Nightmare--Mine Blockade," U.S. Naval Institute, Vol. 85/11/681 (November 1959). https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/1959/november/japans-nightmare-mine-blockade https://japannews.yomiuri.co.jp/society/general-news/20231003-140471/  https://www.state.gov/dipnote-u-s-department-of-state-official-blog/investing-in-the-future-of-the-pacific-u-s-assistance-continues-to-address-wwii-era-explosive-hazards/  https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/15088407 

RT: https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/godzilla_minus_one  Wiki: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godzilla_Minus_One  https://variety.com/2024/artisans/news/godzilla-minus-one-visual-effects-water-scene-610-shots-1235891768/  Oscar win: https://youtu.be/h3q7SaXhCPE?si=dSEUEIhlPD9g2xEU 

This week we're traveling back to 1960s Congo with The Siege of Jadotville! Join us as we learn about General Tshombe, Dag Hammarsjkold, UN forces in Jadotville, uranium mining, and more!

Sources:

Frank Swain, "The forgotten mine that built the atomic bomb," BBC (2020). https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200803-the-forgotten-mine-that-built-the-atomic-bomb  Moore, W. Robert. "White Magic in the Belgian Congo: Tribesmen Mine Uranium, Run Machines, Study Modern Medicine as Booming Trade Opens Up the Vast Colony's Resources." National Geographic Magazine, March 1952, [321]+. National Geographic Virtual Library (accessed August 1, 2024). Susan Williams, "How a rich uranium mine thrust the Congo into the centre of the Cold War," The Conversation (2016). https://theconversation.com/how-a-rich-uranium-mine-thrust-the-congo-into-the-centre-of-the-cold-war-64761  Tom Zoellner, "A (Radioactive) Cut in the Earth That Will Not Stay Closed," Scientific American (2009). https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/a-radioactive-cut-that-will-not-stay-closed/ 

"Dag Hammarskjold," United Nations, available at https://www.un.org/depts/dhl/dag/time1961.htm Emma Graham-Harrison et al, "RAF Veteran 'Admitted 1961 Killing of Secretary-General," The Guardian, available at https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/12/raf-veteran-admitted-killing-un-secretary-general-dag-hammarskjold-in-1961 "Interview with Secretary General," British Pathe, available at https://youtu.be/5mdY-RE3ZEg?si=7R8VBeQ-KdyYe3XH Mads Brugger, "Cold Case Hammarskjold," Magnolia Pictures, 2019 "Monday 18 September 1961," Aviation Safety Network, available at https://asn.flightsafety.org/asndb/333493

Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Siege_of_Jadotville_(film) Rotten Tomatoes: https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_siege_of_jadotville

Lar Joye, "What's on Film: The Siege of Jadotville," History Ireland 25, no.1 (2017): 50-51.  John Terence O'Neill, "The Irish Company at Jadotville, Congo, 1961: Soldiers or Symbols?," International Peacekeeping 9, no. 4 (Winter 2002): 127-144. Narayan Swamy, "Gallant Irish Unit Surrenders," The Times of India, Bombay, September 19, 1961.  Frank McNally, "Five Irish soldiers took their own lives after Jadotville siege," The Irish Times (May 15, 2019). https://www.irishtimes.com/news/social-affairs/five-irish-soldiers-took-their-own-lives-after-jadotville-siege-1.3893633   Security Council official records, 16th year : 973rd meeting, 13 November 1961, New York; United Nations Digital Library, https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/631329?ln=en&v=pdf  Report to the Secretary-General from his Special Representative in the Congo regarding Mr. Patrice Lumumba; https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/630673?ln=en&v=pdf  Evening star. (Washington, D.C.), 26 Sept. 1961. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1961-09-26/ed-1/seq-3/  https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/mission/past/onucF.html Isaac Chotiner, "The Real Story Behind Patrice Lumumba’s Assassination," The New Yorker, October 30, 2023. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2023/11/06/the-lumumba-plot-the-secret-history-of-the-cia-and-a-cold-war-assassination-stuart-a-reid-book-review  

Jiwon Amy Yoo, "Moise Kapenda Tshombe," Blackpast.org, available at https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/tshombe-moise-kapenda-1919-1969/

This week we're traveling back to 1940s Venice with A Haunting in Venice! Join us as we learn about mad honey, When the Lights Go On Again, the liberation of Bergen-Belsen, Meet Me In St. Louis, and more!

Sources: Gunduz, Abdülkadir;Şimşek, Perihan;Ayaz, Faik Ahmet, "Worldwide Distribution and Clinical Characteristics of Mad Honey Poisoning Cases," Central European Journal of Public Health (March 2023) Niko Vorobyov, "What It's Like Tripping on Mad Honey, the Hallucinogen That is (Maybe) an Aphrodisiac," Salon, 2022, available at https://www.salon.com/2022/04/10/what-its-like-tripping-on-mad-honey-the-hallucinogen-that-maybe-is-an-aphrodisiac/ Mad Honey, Atlas Obscura, available at https://www.atlasobscura.com/foods/mad-honey-red-hallucinogen

Imperial War Museum, Collection of Accounts: https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/the-liberation-of-bergen-belsen

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/When_the_Lights_Go_On_Again The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.), 10 Nov. 1944. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82014085/1944-11-10/ed-1/seq-12/  The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.), 29 May 1943. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045324/1943-05-29/ed-1/seq-12/  https://genius.com/Vera-lynn-when-the-lights-go-on-again-lyrics 

"https://catalog.archives.gov/id/24508 MOVIES AT WAR Other title:Film Bulletin, no. 107 (1943)" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meet_Me_in_St._Louis

Matt Zoller Seitz, "A Haunting in Venice," https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/a-haunting-in-venice-movie-review-2023  Wiki: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Haunting_in_Venice  Justin Chang, "The big twist in 'A Haunting in Venice'? It's actually a great film," NPR, https://www.npr.org/2023/09/22/1201010896/a-haunting-in-venice-review-agatha-christie-hercule-poirot  https://variety.com/2023/film/news/haunting-in-venice-producer-more-poirot-movies-tina-fey-1235726819/ Todd Gilchrist, "'A Haunting in Venice' Review: Kenneth Branagh Brings a Supernatural Dimension to His Hercule Poirot Series," Variety (Sep. 9, 2023). https://variety.com/2023/film/reviews/a-haunting-in-venice-review-kenneth-branagh-1235717211/ 

This week we're going back to 1930s-1950s Spain with The Endless Trench! Join us as we learn about Franco on the radio, attacks on hermitages during the Spanish Civil War, Eisenhower's visits to Spain, and more!

Sources:

Christy Lemire review, https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/saltburn-movie-review-2023  Julius Ruiz, The 'Red Terror' and the Spanish Civil War: Revolutionary Violence in Madrid (Cambridge University Press, 2014).  Julian Casanova, The Spanish Republic and Civil War (Cambridge University Press, 2012).  Raymond Carr, Spain: A History (Oxford University Press, 2000). 

https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/toasts-the-president-and-general-francisco-franco-spain-state-dinner-madrid Exchange of Letters Between the President and the Chief of State, General Franco, of Spain, https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/exchange-letters-between-the-president-and-the-chief-state-general-franco-spain  https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/travels/president/spain  Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.), 21 Dec. 1959. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1959-12-21/ed-1/seq-6/ 

Victory Speech Excerpt: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LMN6JhL1yGQ Salvador Gomez Garcia et al, "The Sound Portrait of a Dictator: A Study of Franco's Image in Radio Nacional de Espana," Media History 28, 2 (2022)

Rotten Tomatoes: https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_endless_trench Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Endless_Trench

"Gendered Violence," Spanish Civil War Virtual Museum, available at https://www.vscw.ca/en/node/9#:~:text=The%20shaving%20of%20women's%20heads,Guards%20and%20other%20police%20forces . Laura Munoz-Enciar, "Unearthing Gendered Repression: An Analysis of Violence Suffered by Women During the Civil War and Franco's Dictatorship in Southwestern Spain," World Archaeology (2019)

This week we're traveling back to the long-ago days of 2006 with Saltburn! Join us as we reminisce about Juicy tracksuits, Jagerbombs, Livestrong wristbands, and other artifacts of our misspent youth.

Sources: Christy Lemire review, https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/saltburn-movie-review-2023  Nicholas Barber, "Saltburn film review: 'Lurid' comedy skewers Britain's super-rich," BBC 5 October 2023, https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20231005-saltburn-film-review-lurid-comedy-skewers-britains-super-rich  David Rooney, "‘Saltburn’ Review: Barry Keoghan and Jacob Elordi in Emerald Fennell’s Fun but Derivative Take on Class Envy," The Hollywood Reporter 31 August 2023, https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/saltburn-review-barry-keoghan-jacob-elordi-emerald-fennell-1235577882/  Wiki: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saltburn_(film) 

NHS Smoking Prevalence Statistics, 2006: https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/statistics-on-smoking/statistics-on-smoking-england-2008#:~:text=Among%20adults%20aged%2016%20and,39%20per%20cent%20in%201980

"The Heritage Tracksuit," https://juicycouture.co.uk/collections/the-heritage-tracksuit  Sarah Lindig, "The Juicy Couture Tracksuit Is Now a Relic in a Museum," Bazaar, 15 November 2015, https://www.harpersbazaar.com/fashion/designers/a12983/juicy-couture-track-suit-on-exhibit-at-london-museum/  https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O110643/tracksuit-juicy-couture/  Irene Anna Kim and Steve Cameron, "How Juicy Couture went from a million-dollar empire to the sale rack," Business Insider, 19 October 2020. https://www.businessinsider.com/rise-and-fall-of-juicy-couture-tracksuits-2019-11?op=1 

Emily McCullar, "Making the Band: An Oral History of the Livestrong Bracelet," Texas Monthly July 2024. https://www.texasmonthly.com/style/livestrong-wristband-oral-history-twentieth-anniversary/     Kevin Kos, "The Jagerbomb: No Longer Just a College Drink!" available at https://www.kevinkos.com/post/elevated-jager-bomb "Jagerbomb" Diffords Guide, available at https://www.diffordsguide.com/en-au/cocktails/recipe/3060/jagerbomb Jagerbomb, Google Ngram: https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=J%C3%A4gerbomb&year_start=1800&year_end=2019&corpus=en-2019&smoothing=3

This week we're going back to 1970 with a patron-requested episode on The Holdovers! Join us as we learn about The Newlywed Game, helicopters, Librium, race and class in the Vietnam War, the surprisingly heated controversies over men with long hair, and more!

Sources: IMDB trivia page: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt14849194/goofs/ US Centennial Flight Commission, History of Private Helicopters: https://www.centennialofflight.net/essay/Rotary/Private_heli/HE15.htm Civil and Commercial Helicopter Use: https://www.century-of-flight.net/civil-and-commercial-helicopter-use/

Leigh H. Edwards, "Reality TV and the American Family," The Tube Has Spoken: Reality TV and History (2010), 123-44. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt2jcnkz.12  "Fear of a Black Movement: Public Enemy's Chuck D Fights the Power Thirty Years Strong: A Dialogue with Alicia Virani," in Rebel Speak: A Justice Movement Mixtape (2022): 162. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv2ks6vsj.10 Bryan Hardin Thrift, "Turning Off Turn-On: Helms as a TV Executive in the 1960s," Conservative Bias: How Jesse Helps Pioneered the Rise of Right-Wing Media and Realigned the Republican Party (University Press of Florida, 2014), 137-63. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvx1htq1.10  https://interviews.televisionacademy.com/shows/newlywed-game-the 

Ingrid Waldron, "Increased Prescribing of Valium, Librium, and Other Drugs--An Example of the Influence of Economic and Social Factors on the Practice of Medicine," International Journal of Health Services 7, no.1 (1977): 37-62. https://www.jstor.org/stable/45129975  "Tranquilizer Librium Best for Alcoholics," The Science News-Letter 87, no. 19 (1965): 303. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3948684  HOFFER, A. “Lack of potentiation by chlordiazepoxide (Librium) of depression or excitation due to alcohol.” Canadian Medical Association journal vol. 87,17 (1962): 920-1.

"Racial, Ethnic, and Religious Minorities in the Vietnam War: A Resource Guide," Library of Congress, https://guides.loc.gov/racial-ethnic-and-religious-minorities-in-the-vietnam-war   "Vietnam War U.S. Military Fatal Casualty Statistics," Military Records, National Archives, https://www.archives.gov/research/military/vietnam-war/casualty-statistics  James Burk and Evelyn Espinoza, "Race Relations Within the US Military," Annual Review of Sociology 38 (2012): 401-22. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23254602  Arnold Barnett, Timothy Stanley, and Michael Shore, "America's Vietnam Casualties: Victims of a Class War?" Operations Research 40, no.5 (1992): 856-66. https://www.jstor.org/stable/171812 

Seija Rankin, "Making of the Holdovers: Depressing S*** Can Still Feel Cozy," Hollywood Reporter, available at https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/making-of-the-holdovers-paul-giamatti-1235788162/ Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Holdovers

Andrew Robert Herrick, "A Hairy Predicament: The Problem with Long Hair in the 1960s and 1970s." Masters Thesis, 2006, available at https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1875&context=etd

This week we're going back to 1940s LA with Devil in a Blue Dress! Join us as we learn about Black homeownership in midcentury Los Angeles, Charlotta Bass and The Eagle, postwar jobs, and more!

Sources:

Kelly Simpson, "The Great Migration: Creating a New Black Identity in Los Angeles," PBS, available at https://www.pbssocal.org/history-society/the-great-migration-creating-a-new-black-identity-in-los-angeles Marques Augusta Vestal, "Black Housing Politics in 1940s South Los Angeles," MA Thesis, 2014, UCLA. Available at https://escholarship.org/content/qt1ns4f6z6/qt1ns4f6z6_noSplash_4f334160f70a9138a0db208ee1b4aa2c.pdf?t=nlk3x9#:~:text=Nearly%2040%20percent%20of%20blacks,than%20ten%20percent%20in%20Chicago.&text=Angeles%20newspaper%20the%20Liberator%2C%20Jefferson,greatest%20state%22%20for%20African%20Americans. Ryan Reft, "Segregation in the City of Angels: A 1939 Map of Housing Inequality in LA," PBS, available at https://www.pbssocal.org/shows/lost-la/segregation-in-the-city-of-angels-a-1939-map-of-housing-inequality-in-l-a Black Los Angeles: 1930-2020. ArcGIS StoryMap. Available at https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/dfd7cd4341a6493fa6cf38633333cece

Los Angeles Sentinel, ProQuest Historical newspapers  David L. Clark, "Los Angeles: Improbable Los Angeles," in Sunbelt Cities: Politics and Growth Since World War II, eds. Richard M. Bernard and Bradley R. Rice (University of Texas Press), https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7560/775763.14 Arthur C. Verge, "The Impact of the Second World War on Los Angeles," Pacific Historical Review 63, no.3 (1994): 289-314. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3640968 

Regina Freer, "L.A. Race Woman: Charlotta Bass and the Complexities of Black Political Development in Los Angeles," American Quarterly 56, no.3 (2004): 607-32. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40068236  Rodger Streitmatter, "Charlotta A. Bass: Radical Precursor of the Black Power Movement," Raising Her Voice: African-American Women Journalists Who Changed History (University Press of Kentucky, 1994). https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt130jn0r.12  Democracy Now! "Before Kamala Harris, There Was Charlotta Bass: Remembering First Black Woman to Run for VP in 1952," YouTube, https://youtu.be/Hlkw24ifqdk?si=0IlaNF9cVbKqEBEQ  

Julian Kimble, "Devil in a Blue Dress: Crossing the Line," The Criterion Collection, July 20, 2022, https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/7873-devil-in-a-blue-dress-crossing-the-line   Dan Kois, "The 1990s Denzel Mystery That Should've Launched a Franchise," Slate, https://slate.com/culture/2022/07/carl-franklin-interview-devil-in-a-blue-dress-and-denzel-washington.html  Will Fancher, "The Untold Truth of Devil In A Blue Dress," Looper, August 6, 2022, https://www.looper.com/955040/the-untold-truth-of-devil-in-a-blue-dress/  https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/devil-in-a-blue-dress-1995 

This week we become Robert Eggers completists with an episode on The Northman! Join us as we learn about berserkers, slavery in the Viking era, textiles, and more!

Sources:

Ben Cartwright, "Making the cloth that binds us. The role of textile production in producing Viking-Age identities," in Viking Worlds: Things, Spaces, and Movement eds. Marianne Hem Eriksen, Unn Pedersen, Bernt Rundberget, Irmelin Axelsen, and Heidi Lund Berg (Oxbow Books), https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvh1dgwk.15  Marie Louise Stig Sørensen, "Gender, Material Culture, and Identity in the Viking Diaspora," Viking and Medieval Scandinavia 5 (2009): 253-69. https://www.jstor.org/stable/45019127  Eva B. Andersson, "Tools, Textil Production and Society in Viking Age Birka," in Dressing the Past, eds. Margarita Gleba, Cherine Munkholt, and Marie-Louise Nosch (Oxbow Books). https://www.jstor.org/stbale/j.ctt1cfr7jb.13  Eirnin Jefford Franks, "Gender in the Viking World," in The Norse Sorceress: Mind and Materiality in the Viking World, eds.LESZEK GARDEŁA, SOPHIE BØNDING, PETER PENTZ (Oxbow Books, 2023). https://www.jstor.org/stable/jj.5699282.8 

Rotten Tomatoes: https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_northman Stephen Barker, "10 Behind the Scenes Facts About the Northman" Screen Rant, available at https://screenrant.com/the-northman-behind-the-scenes-facts/ Gabriella Paiella, Interview with Robert Eggers, GQ, available at https://www.gq.com/story/robert-eggers-the-northman-interview

Thomas K. Heeboll-Holm, "Piratical Slave Raiding: The Demise of a Viking Practice in High Medieval Denmark," Journal of Scandinavian History 46, 4 (2021) Ben Raffield, "The Slave Markets of the Viking World: Comparative Perspectives on an Invisible Archaeology," Slavery and Abolition 40, 4 (2019) Ruth Mazo Karras, "Concubinage and Slavery in the Viking Age," Scandinavian Studies 62, 2 (1990)

H. David Brumble, "Berserks and the Tragedy of Warrior Individualism," Street-Gang and Tribal-Warrior Autobiographies (Anthem Press), https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt2272801.17  Michael P. Speidel, "Berserks: A History of Indo-European "Mad Warriors"," Journal of World History 13, no.2 (2002): 253-90. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20078974  Anatoly Liberman, "Berserks in History and Legend," Russian History 32, no.3/4 (2005): 401-11. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24663272  Owen Rees, "Going berserk," Medieval Warfare 2, no.1 (2012): 23-6. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/48578628 Erika Ruth Sigurdson, "Violence and Historical Authenticity: Rape (and Pillage) in Popular Viking Fiction," Scandinavian Studies 86, no.3 (2014): 249-67. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5406/scanstud.86.3.0249  https://www.nms.ac.uk/explore-our-collections/stories/scottish-history-and-archaeology/lewis-chess-pieces/ 

This week we're going back to the 1980s with Charlie Wilson's War! Join us as we learn about the horrific things people used to do with safety pins, Soviet ambitions in the Persian Gulf, Gust Avrokotos, refugees from the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, and more!

Sources:

"Advertisement: Maybelline." Seventeen, 07, 1982, 18-19 "Mascara Magic." Seventeen, 05, 1981 "Advertisement: Maybelline." Cosmopolitan, 11, 1978, 117 "Dear Beauty Editor." Seventeen, 02, 1978, 10

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