This week we're going back to the 19th century American West with Strange Way of Life (Our first episode on a short film)! Join us as we learn about facial hair, wineskins, and plenty of other cowboy stuff!

Sources:

https://lastreszzz.com/en/history/?srsltid=AfmBOoojnNidxyQUlHy6ROfjs2IvEFdIFplsf640inYm1hGcpgOSP9teChristopher Oldstone-Moore, "Mustaches and Masculine Codes in Early Twentieth-Century America," Journal of Social History 45:1 (2011): 47-60. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41678816  F. Gercher, Man with mustache and goatee, facing left, half-length portrait, platinum print, c.1900 Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/2004676300/   R.A. Lewis, Unidentified man with goatee, head-and-shoulders portrait, facing slightly left, cartes de visite, between 1865 and 1886, Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/2022677719/  Artist once known, Unidentified man with moustache and goatee, head-and-shoulders portrait, facing slightly right, cartes de visite, between 1865 and 1886, Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/2022677725/  Artist once known, William Mills, head-and-shoulders portrait, facing slightly left, identification photograph (counterfeiting, Columbus, Ohio), 1875, Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/2022677454/  Courtney Campbell, "14 Famous Cowboys, Gunslingers, & Lawmen of the Wild West," https://www.wideopencountry.com/famous-cowboys-wild-west/ Interview with Pedro Almodovar: https://newsletter.oscars.org/news/post/pedro-almodovar-strange-way-of-life-interview Rotten Tomatoes: https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/strange_way_of_life Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange_Way_of_Life

This week we're traveling back to the late 60s/early 70s with Call Jane! Join us as we learn about religion and abortion activism, hospital abortion boards, and the surprisingly complex history of the snickerdoodle.

Sources:

News Report by Peter Heller on Abortion, 1969. Oregon Public Broadcasting. Available at https://americanarchive.org/catalog/cpb-aacip-153-988gtx44 Linda Greenhouse and Reva B. Siegel, Before Roe v. Wade: Voices That Shaped the Abortion Debate Before the Supreme Court's Ruling. Creative Commons. Available at https://documents.law.yale.edu/sites/default/files/beforeroe2nded_1.pdf

"Good things to eat" Sixth Division of the Ladies Society, First Presbyterian Church (1913)  https://hdl.handle.net/2027/loc.ark:/13960/t9t159g6v?urlappend=%3Bseq=142  The "Home" Cook Book (1914), https://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.rsl9sl?urlappend=%3Bseq=118%3Bownerid=27021597766901606-122  Woman's Home Companion (1915) Fashions in Foods in Beverly Hills (1929)  J. O. Dahl, Menu making for professionals in quantity cookery (1939) https://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.30000114597218?urlappend=%3Bseq=182%3Bownerid=13510798901193441-186  James Beard, Cook it Outdoors (1949) https://hdl.handle.net/2027/umn.319510009574021  Cook book, compiled by Women of St. Paul Lutheran Church (1953) https://hdl.handle.net/2027/osu.32435059270363?urlappend=%3Bseq=113%3Bownerid=13510798904058095-119  All-American Foods: a 4-H Learn to Cook Project Leaders' Guide (1975) https://hdl.handle.net/2027/umn.31951d03882083v  Army Nutrient values of master menu recipes and food items (1985) https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uiug.30112105106089?urlappend=%3Bseq=5%3Bownerid=32607013-4  Ngram: https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=snickerdoodle&year_start=1800&year_end=2022&corpus=en&smoothing=3 

Gillian Frank, "The Religious Network that Made Abortion Safe When it Was Illegal," https://genderpolicyreport.umn.edu/the-religious-network-that-made-abortion-safe-when-it-was-illegal  Sarah McCammon, "50 Years Ago, A Network Of Clergy Helped Women Seeking Abortion," https://www.npr.org/2017/05/19/529175737/50-years-ago-a-network-of-clergy-helped-women-seeking-abortion  Linda Freund, "What I learned after meeting a Catholic nun who supports abortion rights," Independent 2 August 2022, https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/abortion-rights-catholic-teachings-vatican-church-b2136442.html  Leslie J. Reagan, "Radicalization of Reform," in When Abortion Was a Crime: Women, Medicine, and Law in the United States, 1867-1973, with a New Preface (University of California Press, 2022). https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv2kx88fq.16  Johanna Schoen, "Abortion care as moral work," Journal of Modern European History (2019): 262-79. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26832825

Michelle Mehrtens, "The Underground Abortion Network That Inspired 'Call Jane'," Smithsonian Magazine, available at https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-underground-abortion-network-that-inspired-call-jane-180981032/ The Story of One of the Few Black Members of Chicago's Abortion Rights Underground. History News Network. Available at https://www.historynewsnetwork.org/article/the-story-of-one-of-the-few-black-members-of-chica

RT: https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/call_jane  Rebecca Harrison, "Call Jane review: a powerful, timely pro-choice drama," BFI: https://www.bfi.org.uk/sight-and-sound/reviews/call-jane-powerful-timely-pro-choice-drama  Sheila O'Malley, "Call Jane," https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/call-jane-movie-review-2022  IMDB: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt7461272/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0_tt_7_nm_1_in_0_q_Call%2520Jane  Oscars, "'Call Jane' w/Elizabeth Banks, Sigourney Weaver, and Wunmi Mosaku & more | Academy Conversations" https://youtu.be/5NPBfoI1YlE?si=Hp4mnqsnsswiPUBZ 

This week we're traveling to the 1972 Olympics with September 5! Join us as we learn about journalists like Peter Jennings and Geoffrey Mason, satellite TV, and more! NOTE: Due to a technical issue, there are some sound quality problems on Jamie's audio. We promise these issues will be fixed on our next episode.

Sources:

Travis Vogan, ABC News Sports: The Rise and Fall of Network Sports Television. University of California Press, 2018

Peter Jennings Interview With Larry King, 2002. Transcript available at https://transcripts.cnn.com/show/lkl/date/2002-04-10/segment/00 Charles Glass, Peter Jennings Obituary, 2005. The Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-jennings-304600.html

Bob Granath, "Telstar Opened Era of Global Satellite Television," https://www.nasa.gov/history/telstar-opened-era-of-global-satellite-television/  Garry Whannel, "Television and the Transformation of Sport," The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences 625 (2009): 205-18. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40375916  Eva Maria Gajek, "More than Munich 1972. Media, Emotions, and the Body in TV Broadcast of the 20th Summer Olympics," Historical Social Research, 43, no.2 (2018): 181-202. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26454286 

David Wharton, "Eye on the Storm: Events in Munich forever changed Games, and how TV presents them," Los Angeles Times 26 August 2002: D1, D10.  Les Carpenter, "Telling it like it was in 'September 5' meant sidelining Howard Cosell," The Washington Post 14 January 2025.  CBS Sunday Morning, "Reporting the tragedy of the 1972 Munich Olympics," https://youtu.be/emhJrz4eYlc?si=r051-xBlOhbzVASh  "Why the media played a fatal role in the 1972 Munich Olympics | DW History and Culture" https://youtu.be/GwFG0d_wzds?si=W5G5-DKTKWKYEarR  https://books.google.com/books?id=5VYEAAAAMBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=LIFE+magazine+olympics+1972&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwidm9q5lPOMAxUuhIkEHQX6NmkQ6AF6BAgHEAM Sports Video Group, "Geoffrey Mason, Sean McManus on ABC Sports Remaining in Control of the Munich Massacre Coverage," https://youtu.be/cnElwryDcA0?si=mPczShOAirk_QKFn 

Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_5_(film) Carolyn Giardina, "How the September 5 Filmmakers Created an Authentic Experience," Variety: https://variety.com/2024/artisans/artists/september-5-authentic-experience-cinematography-production-design-1236204356/ Jake Kanter, "‘September 5’ Director Tim Fehlbaum Says Film About 1972 Olympics Massacre Is Not A “Political Statement” On Israel-Gaza — Venice Film Festival," Deadline, available at https://deadline.com/2024/08/september-5-tim-fehlbaum-not-political-statement-israel-gaza-venice-film-festival-1236072543/

This week we're going back to 1972 with Shirley! Join us as we learn about Barbara Lee, Shirley Chisholm's meeting with George Wallace, the 1972 Democratic Convention, the equal time rule, and more! Note: Due to some microphone-related technical difficulties, this episode has some audio quality issues, but those will be resolved in our next episode. 

Source PBS: Equal Time Rule: https://www.pbs.org/standards/media-law-101/candidate-appearances/ https://www.nytimes.com/1972/06/03/archives/u-s-court-rules-mrs-chisholm-must-receive-equal-time-on-tv.html Debra Michals, "Shirley Chisholm," National Women's History Museum: https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/shirley-chisholm https://www.nytimes.com/1976/10/13/archives/court-refuses-to-review-fcc-equal-time-ruling.html

"Life Story: Barbara Lee," Women and the American Story, available at https://wams.nyhistory.org/end-of-the-twentieth-century/the-information-age/barbara-lee/ A Conversation with Barbara Lee, JFK Library, available at https://www.jfklibrary.org/node/392391

https://www.bu.edu/articles/2024/shirley-chisholm-to-kamala-harris/ https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2016/10/the-radical-and-the-racist/497510/ https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-a-failed-assassination-attempt-pushed-george-wallace-to-reconsider-his-segregationist-views-180980063/

https://lithub.com/shirley-chisholm-on-why-she-ran-for-president/ https://www.vogue.com/article/how-shirley-chisholm-made-history-at-the-1972-democratic-national-convention https://www.politico.com/story/2008/08/flashback-the-1972-democratic-convention-012848  Clara Bingham, "A Feminist Oral History of the 1972 Democratic National Convention," from The Movement: How Women's Liberation Transformed America, 1963-1973. https://lithub.com/a-feminist-oral-history-of-the-1972-democratic-national-convention/  https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/June-8/shirley-chisholm-visits-opponent-george-wallace-in-hospital

https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/shirley Dominic Griffin, "'Shirley' is a Tragedy Presented as a Triumph," Baltimore Beat, https://baltimorebeat.com/shirley-is-a-tragedy-presented-as-a-triumph/  Nicholas Quah, "Shirley Never Matches the Power of Its Subject," Vulture https://www.vulture.com/article/netflixs-shirley-chisholm-biopic-never-does-her-justice.html 

This week we're traveling back to 1830s Germany (and Transylvania) with Nosferatu! Join us as we learn about the folklore of garlic, exhuming suspected vampires, plague ships, and more!

Sources: Booseum: Vampires! Carnegie Museum of Natural History, available at https://carnegiemnh.org/booseum-vampires/#:~:text=Garlic%2C%20specifically%20the%20chemical%20compound,would%20%E2%80%9Ckill%E2%80%9D%20a%20vampire. Vampire Myths Originated With a Real Blood Disorder, available at https://www.queensu.ca/gazette/stories/vampire-myths-originated-real-blood-disorder Eater Video: How Garlic Became a Vampire Killer, and Other Allium Myths, available at https://www.eater.com/2016/11/14/13626258/garlic-vampire-repellent-allium-myths-forklore

Riches, Christopher, and Jan Palmowski. "Transylvania." In A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. : Oxford University Press Everett-Heath, John. "Transylvania." In Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Place Names. : Oxford University Press "Transylvania." In World Encyclopedia.  Morby, John. "Transylvania, Princedom of." In Dynasties of the World. : Oxford University Press https://www.lonelyplanet.com/articles/ten-things-you-need-to-know-before-visiting-transylvania 

Marek Polcyn and Elzbieta Gajda, "Buried with sickles: early modern interments from Drawsko, Poland," Antiquity 89, no. 348 (2015): 1373-87.  Saul Epstein and Sara Libby Robinson, "The Soul, Evil Spirits, and the Undead: Vampires, Death, and Burial in Jewish Folklore and Law," Preternature: Critical and Historical Studies of the Preternatural 1, no.2 (2012): 232-51. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5325/preternature.1.2.0232  Agnes Murgoci, "The Vampire in Roumania," Folklore 37, no.4 (1926): 320-49. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1256143

David Canfield, "Making Nosferatu," Vanity Fair, available at https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/story/nosferatu-shot-list-awards-insider?srsltid=AfmBOoquAyo3_YpRnmKQTTsu1im1fEPuks-8FQHVSQt9fRc2VqYjc5U7 William Earl, "Bill Skarsgard's Nosferatu Transformation," Variety, available at https://variety.com/2025/artisans/news/bill-skarsgard-nosferatu-transformation-makeup-mustache-count-orlok-1236249285/ Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nosferatu_(2024_film) Meagan Navarro Review, Bloody Disgusting: https://bloody-disgusting.com/reviews/3847134/nosferatu-review-robert-eggers-macabre-masterpiece/

"GERMANY. Plague on a ship Public Health Reports (1896-1970), Vol. 16, No. 5 (February 1, 1901), p. 210 (1 page) https://www.jstor.org/stable/41457493

" Ainsley Hawthorne, "Plague Upon the Waters: How a Disease-Ridden Steamboat Spread Yellow Fever," CBC, available at https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/apocalypse-then-yellow-fever-1.5936980 Philippa Helliwell, "Plague Ahoy! Maritime Quarantine in the 18th Century," National Archives, available at https://blog.nationalarchives.gov.uk/plague-ahoy-maritime-quarantine-in-the-18th-century/

This week we're traveling back to the 1980s with American Psycho! Join us as we learn about Wall Street killers, men's skincare products, Page 6, "Hip to be Square", and more!

Sources:

Cynthia Weiner, "What We Miss When We Talk About the Preppy Killer," Crime Reads (2025), https://crimereads.com/what-we-miss-when-we-talk-about-the-preppy-killer/  James Feron, "Wall St. Analyst Guilty in Murder of Second Wife," The New York Times 17 March 1989, B2, 38.  Leonard Buder, "Suspect Seized in Two Murders in Wall St. Area," The New York Times 23 June 1982, B1.  https://casetext.com/case/dodell-v-walsh "Driver Sentenced in Fatal Shooting," New York Times 1984, https://www.nytimes.com/1984/11/02/nyregion/the-city-driver-sentenced-in-fatal-shooting.html  and https://www.nytimes.com/1985/12/11/nyregion/broker-is-resentenced-in-slaying-after-crash.html 

Deborah Blumenthal, "The Male Difference," NY Times, available at https://www.nytimes.com/1984/09/16/magazine/the-male-difference.html "Skin Care for Men Surging," NY Times, 18 December 1984, available at https://www.nytimes.com/1984/12/18/business/skin-care-for-men-surging.html Ruth la Ferla, "Men's Style: Putting on a Face," NY Times, 26 October 1986, available at https://www.nytimes.com/1986/10/26/magazine/men-s-style-putting-on-a-renewed-face.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip_to_Be_Square https://funnyordie.com/2013/4/03/17717016/american-psycho-with-huey-lewis-and-weird-al/ https://genius.com/Huey-lewis-and-the-news-hip-to-be-square-lyrics

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Psycho_(film) https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/american-psycho-2000 

Kate Storey, "The Secret History of Page 6," Esquire, available at https://www.esquire.com/news-politics/a30709872/page-six-gossip-history-new-york-post/ Susan Mulcahy and Frank DiGiacomo, How Page Six Became the Most Feared Gossip Column in the World, Hollywood Reporter, available at https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/page-six-feared-gossip-column-paper-of-wreckage-1236024546/

This week we're going back to the Roaring 20s with Some Like It Hot! Join us as we learn about the Valentine's Day Massacre, speakeasies, Shell Oil, blood typing, and more!

Sources:

"Prohibition," Mob Museum, available at https://prohibition.themobmuseum.org/the-history/the-prohibition-underworld/the-speakeasies-of-the-1920s/ Legends of America, Prohibition Speakeasies: https://www.legendsofamerica.com/ah-prohibitionspeakeasy/'

Farhud DD, Zarif Yeganeh M. A brief history of human blood groups. Iran J Public Health. 2013;42(1):1-6. Epub 2013 Jan 1. PMID: 23514954; PMCID: PMC3595629. Mitra R, Mishra N, Rath GP. Blood groups systems. Indian J Anaesth. 2014 Sep;58(5):524-8. doi: 10.4103/0019-5049.144645. PMID: 25535412; PMCID: PMC4260296. American Red Cross: History of Blood Transfusion: https://www.redcrossblood.org/donate-blood/blood-donation-process/what-happens-to-donated-blood/blood-transfusions/history-blood-transfusion.html G. Garratty, W. Dzik, P.D. Issitt, D.M. Lublin, M.E. Reid, T. Zelinski, "Terminology for blood group antigens and genes—historical origins and guidelines in the new millennium."

https://www.shell.com/who-we-are/our-history/our-company-history.html Eastern Post - Saturday 21 August 1880, 6.  East End News and London Shipping Chronicle - Tuesday 08 March 1881, 2. Hereford Times - Saturday 05 April 1862, 14. 

"St. Valentine's Day Massacre Wall" Mob Museum, https://themobmuseum.org/exhibits/massacre-wall/  and https://stvalentinemassacre.org/the-massacre/#full [warning: graphic images] https://youtu.be/5HBDbnLD0sM?si=vS9Ow5jSliyJ4dlk

Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Some_Like_It_Hot Bob Mondello, "Remembering the Hollywood Hays Code 40 Years On," NPR. https://www.npr.org/2008/08/08/93301189/remembering-hollywoods-hays-code-40-years-on Sam Wasson, "Some Like It Hot: How to Have Fun," Criterion, available at https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/6048-some-like-it-hot-how-to-have-fun?srsltid=AfmBOopPS5q3nXRLHIkqMtZqsPgVAxYq_e-masNPf2WcgpTW5x7kwepr Roger Ebert Review: https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/great-movie-some-like-it-hot-1959#google_vignette

This week we're traveling back to the ye old internet days of 2015 with Zola! Join us as we learn about Vine, Backpage, Florida strip club rules, and more!

Sources:

Casey Newton, "Why Vine Died: Closing the Loop" The Verge (2016) https://www.theverge.com/2016/10/28/13456208/why-vine-died-twitter-shutdown  John Herrman, "Vine Changed the Internet Forever. How Much Does the Internet Miss It?" New York Times (2020). 

Justin Perlman, "What was Backpage? Why Did It Shut Down?" Philadelphia Weekly February 29, 2024. https://philadelphiaweekly.com/what-was-backpage-why-did-it-shut-down/  Rahul Choudhary, "What Was Backpage . com| Why It Shut Down By The Government Officials?" Medium, October 10, 2020. https://medium.com/@literatureguide/what-was-backpage-com-why-it-shut-down-by-the-government-officials-96f944ae119c   Felicia Garcia, "The Backpage . Com Bust" Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe U.S. Helsinki Commission (2018), https://www.csce.gov/articles/backpagecom-bust/  Sanctuary for Families and NY State Anti-Trafficking Coalition, "Human Trafficking: A White Paper for the NYPD" https://www.nycourts.gov/LegacyPDFS/IP/human-trafficking/content/2.Human%20Trafficking%20White%20Paper%20for%20the%20NYPD.PDF   Molly Smith and Juno Mac, Revolting Prostitutes: The Fight for Sex Workers' Rights (New York: Verso, 2020), 123-5.

Hillsborough County Code of Ordinances Part A, Chapter 4, Article 1: https://library.municode.com/fl/hillsborough_county/codes/code_of_ordinances,_part_a?nodeId=HICOCOORLA_CH4ALBE Shawn Alff, "Strip Clubs Top to Bottom," Tampa Bay News, available at https://www.cltampa.com/news/strip-clubs-top-to-bottom-12289009

Reddit Thread: The Zola Story-Jess's Side: https://www.reddit.com/r/AnythingGoesNews/comments/3quslp/the_zola_story_jesss_side/ Christopher Spata Interview with Jess. Complex. Available at https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/a/christopher-spata/real-jess-from-zolas-story-interview

Aisha Harris, "'Zola' Takes A Twitter Thread And Turns It Into A Fever Dream On Film," NPR, https://www.npr.org/2021/06/29/1009630748/zola-review-twitter-taylour-paige-riley-keough-janicza-bravo-movie  Sheila O'Malley, "Zola," Roger Ebert 2021 https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/zola-movie-review-2021  https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/aug/04/zola-review-aziah-wells-trip-florida-pole-dancing-seductive-comedy-thriller  https://youtu.be/nXiNxW2jupc?si=MZcc9CrQ-c7Pqoc-

This week we're going back to 16th-century Peru with Aguirre, The Wrath of God! Join us as we learn about Spanish women who went on expeditions, the real Lope de Aguirre, the wild stories behind the production of this film, and more!

Content Warning: This episode contains discussions of incest and sexual abuse.

Sources:

Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aguirre,_the_Wrath_of_God Roger Ebert Review: https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/great-movie-aguirre-the-wrath-of-god-1972 Geoff Andrew, "Great Beginnings: Aguirre, The Wrath of God," BFI: https://www.bfi.org.uk/features/great-beginnings-aguirre-wrath-god Michael Atkinson, "Werner's World," Criterion, available at https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/6529-werner-s-world?srsltid=AfmBOopmJcoczeWFdUu2Io46q1vEQHdNjG8DzsLtojNkiAPjPhGS0E8U Anya Jeremko-Greenwald, "11 Craziest Things That Have Happened During the Making of Werner Herzog's Films," IndieWire: https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/11-craziest-things-that-have-happened-during-the-making-of-werner-herzogs-films-58559/ Kate Connolly, "Klaus Kinski Repeatedly Raped Me During My Childhood, Claims Daughter," The Guardian, available at https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/10/klaus-kinski-rape-claims-daughter Roger Ebert Interview with Werner Herzog: https://web.archive.org/web/20190626115333/https://www.rogerebert.com/interviews/a-conversation-with-werner-herzog

Lope de Aguirre to Philip, King of Spain, 1561, letter, translated by Tom Holloway, Modern History Sourcebook, Fordham University. https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/mod/1561aguirre.asp  Hernán Neira, "The Philosophical Underwriting of a Rebellion: Pedro de Ursua and Lope de Aguirre's Expedition in Search of El Dorado," Chasqui 37, no.2 (2008): 106-126. https://www.jstor.org/stable/29742271  Descubrimiento del río de las Amazonas según la relación hasta ahora inédita de Fr. Gaspar de Carvajal, con otros documentos referentes á Francisco de Orellana y sus compañeros; publicados á expensas del Excmo. Sr. duque de T'Serclaes de Tilly, con una introducción histórica y algunas ilustraciones por José Toribio Medina  Beatriz Pastor, "Lope de Aguirre the Wanderer: Knowledge and Madness," Disposito 11, no.28/29 (1986): 85-98. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41491291  Pedro Simon, The expedition of Pedro de Ursua & Lope de Aguirre in search of El Dorado and Omagua in 1560-1 Translated from Fray Pedro Simon's Sixth Historical Notice of the Conquest of Tierra Firme by William Bollaert (London: Hakluyt Society, 1861). https://archive.org/details/expeditionofpedr00simrich  https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lope-de-Aguirre 

Rocio Quispe-Agnoli, "Taking Possession of the New World: Powerful Female Agency of Early Colonial Accounts of Peru," Legacy: A Journal of American Women Writers 28, 2 (2011) Eloisa Gomez-Lucena, "Who Were the Women Conquistadores in the Americas?" National Geographic, available at https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/women-conquistadoras-spain-america

This week we travel back to dinosaur times with 65! Join us as we learn about all kinds of prehistoric weirdness, including pack-hunting dinosaurs, Spanish moss, swamp creatures, the big asteroid, and more!

Sources:

Emily Osterloff, "How an Asteroid Ended the Age of the Dinosaurs," Natural History Museum, available at https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/how-an-asteroid-caused-extinction-of-dinosaurs.html#:~:text=The%20impact%20site%2C%20known%20as,largest%20crater%20on%20the%20planet. Eric Hand, "Updated: Drilling of Dinosaur-killing Impact Crater Explains Buried Circular Hills," Science, available at https://www.science.org/content/article/updated-drilling-dinosaur-killing-impact-crater-explains-buried-circular-hills Image of continents 65 million years ago, available at https://www.sciencephoto.com/media/1044470/view/continents-65-million-years-ago-illustration Tyrannosauroid Fossil Localities Map, available at https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tyrannosauroid_fossil_localities_map.png

Natalie Johnson, "Jurassic Park Got It Wrong: UWO Research Indicates Raptors Don't Hunt in Packs," UWO Today, available at https://www.uwosh.edu/today/84696/jurassic-park-got-it-wrong-uwo-research-indicates-raptors-dont-hunt-in-packs/ Cameron Duke, "Tyrannosaurs May Have Hunted Together in Packs Like Wolves," New Scientist, available at https://www.newscientist.com/article/2275060-tyrannosaurs-may-have-hunted-together-in-packs-like-wolves/ Sean Mowbray, "Do We Know if Dinosaurs Were Smart Enough to Hunt in Packs?" Discover Magazine, available at https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/do-we-know-if-dinosaurs-were-smart-enough-to-hunt-in-packs

Daniel Strain, "Paleontologists discover Colorado 'swamp dweller' that lived alongside dinosaurs," https://www.colorado.edu/today/2024/10/23/paleontologists-discover-colorado-swamp-dweller-lived-alongside-dinosaurs https://www.discoverwildlife.com/animal-facts/heleocola-piceanus-colorado Stephen Greb, William A DiMichele, Robert Gastaldo, Cortland Eble, and Scott Wing, "Prehistoric Wetland," Elsevier (2022) https://web.colby.edu/ragastal/files/2022/08/2022_GrebEtAl_PrehistoricWetlands.pdf  Life on Our Planet, "In the Shadow of Giants" Netflix. 

Missouri Botanical Garden, https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=f427  "10 Fascinating Facts About Spanish Moss," Mental Floss (2023), https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/67807/10-things-you-should-know-about-spanish-moss  Chelsea Harvey, "The World's Oldest Moss Outlived the Dinosaurs, but It May Not Survive Climate Change," Scientific American (August 10, 2023). https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-worlds-oldest-moss-outlived-the-dinosaurs-but-it-may-not-survive-climate-change/  https://www.edenproject.com/learn/eden-at-home/a-guide-to-prehistoric-plants Josef Pšenička and Stanislav Opluštil, "The epiphytic plants in the fossil record and its example from in situ tuff from Pennylvanian of Radnice Basin (Czech Republic)," Bulletin of Geosciences 88, no.2 (2013): 401-16. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/241660344_The_epiphytic_plants_in_the_fossil_record_and_its_example_from_in_situ_tuff_from_Pennsylvanian_of_Radnice_Basin_Czech_Republic 

Rotten Tomatoes: https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/65  Christy Lemire, "65" https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/65-movie-review-2023  Late Night with Seth Meyers https://youtu.be/tJfmy48AplM?si=kts3zwrzZJBalQji