Supply chain disruptions have many “local” causes but they generate global crises. Many are durable. They seem to have come together as an almost perfect storm in the post-Covid economy. Will they fade as service demand replaces manufactured goods demand? Probably not. This report sifts the evidence from supply-chain disruption in labour markets, energy, semi-conductors and freight transport.  One lasting effect will be de-globalisation - the shortening of supply chains to reduce risk paid for by higher costs and inlfation.