Brief History of Caribbean Carnival Celebrations from Trinidad to Nottinghill

A brief history of Carnival celebrations from colonization to the modern day. How did carnival originate in the Caribbean and spread across the world? Get to know some of the carnival traditions like Jouvert or Dirty Mas and get to know more about the traditional masquerade characters. This episode will also connect the original carnival celebrations to the 'pretty mas' celebrations today and discuss the role of the Caribbean diaspora in making carnival an international event.

As usual, I'll address some controversial questions:
- Why do some people dress like Native Americans for carnival?
- Is participating in carnival cultural appropriation?
- Who invented carnival?
- Who brought carnival around the world?
- Has carnival been ruined by commercialization?

Listen to the episode and find out.

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Music by rising star Pres Morris:
Twitter: www.twitter.com/pres_morris
radiofreeglobe.bandcamp.com

Sources:

History of Carnival And Its Elements 

http://www.ncctt.org/new/index.php/carnival-history/history-of-carnival.html

What is Ash Wednesday?

https://www.christianity.com/church/church-life/what-is-ash-wednesday-why-do-christians-celebrate-it.html

Carnival | Wikipedia Article

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnival#Trinidad_and_Tobago

Traditional Mas Terminology

https://traditionalmas.com/carnival-terms/

Old Mas Costumes

http://www.tntisland.com/carnivalcharacters.html

Midnight Robber (Additional Information)

https://www.midnightrobber.com/history

Moko Jumbie (Additional Information)

https://traditionalmas.com/portfolio/moko-jumbie-mas/

Calypso’s Subversiveness

https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20171010-the-surprising-politics-of-calypso

Soca Music Article

https://www.npr.org/sections/therecord/2011/03/14/134264326/soca-the-music-of-trinidads-carnival

Brief History of Afro-Cuban Santeria (Yoruba Religions, Orishas, Blood Sacrifice, Magic)

An exploration of Santeria and how this Yoruba religion syncretized with Catholicism. This hour long podcast is my aim to combat misinformation about Santeria. With research from Migene Gonzalez-Wippler and some additional context, this episode is great for anyone who enjoyed my episode on Rastafarianism and wanted to learn more about another religion originating from West Africa.

This podcast is on the lighter side and I'll talk about all the interesting parts of Santeria you're dying to learn about. I'll give details about the Orishas such as Chango, Oshun, Yemaya and Obatala amongst others. Learn about the rites and rituals of Santeria NEVER seen in the media...

You can find out how people "join" Santeria and learn about Afro-Cuban magic as well as the TRUTH about blood sacrifice within the faith.

This has an Afro-Caribbean historical focus and might be a great listen if you're interested in Afro-Latino history or Caribbean history.

Sources:

Brief History of Afro-Cuban Santeria (Orishas, Blood Sacrifice, Magic) by Migene Gonzalez-Wippler

Powers of the Orishas: Santeria and the worship of the Saints by Migene Gonzalez-Wippler

E-MAIL
[email protected]

Find me on social media and say hello.

SUBSCRIBE and follow for a new weekly podcast.

Find me on twitter:
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www.patreon.com/blackhistorypod

Music by rising star Pres Morris:
Twitter: www.twitter.com/pres_morris
radiofreeglobe.bandcamp.com

Closing Track License   
https://www.epidemicsound.com/track/xhCgbUS5Qo/

Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans (part 3) | Slum Clearance Poses As Disaster Relief, Kanye Being Kanye & Media Racism

My third, final, and longest episode on Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans. I'll detail more about the National Guard, Michael Brown from FEMA, Michael Chertoff, head of Homeland Security and the five days at the Superdome.

Toward the end of this episode, expect an intellectually rigorous (not basic) discussion on the role the media played in New Orleans.

All the hot topics get their time of day in this episode: FEMA incompetence, shredding in the Superdome roof, Barbara Bush's comments, Kanye West's infamous interview, looting, and a topic that's not so hot (but ought to be hotter): white vigilantism and racist violence in the storm's aftermath.

**This episode contains a correction based on an error I presented in Episode #2. The comments about people better off at the Astrodome were made by Barbara Bush not Laura Bush and will be further contextualized here.**

Books

Come Hell or High Water by Michael Eric Dyson

The Great Deluge by Douglas Brinkley
How to Kill A City by Peter Moscowitz

Articles 

New Orleans Police Chief Resigns (Sept 27, 2005)

https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna9503273

Symptoms of Trauma

https://www.helpguide.org/articles/ptsd-trauma/coping-with-emotional-and-psychological-trauma.htm

Troops told shoot to kill in New Orleans (Sept 2, 2005) 

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2005-09-02/troops-told-shoot-to-kill-in-new-orleans/2094678

False reports of lawlessness made Katrina situation worse (Aug 15, 2015) 

https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/aug/16/hurricane-katrina-new-orleans-looting-violence-misleading-reports

White Vigilantes During Katrina (Jan 5, 2009) 

https://www.propublica.org/article/post-katrina-white-vigilantes-shot-african-americans-with-impunity

Interview with Arkansas National Guard

https://www.wwno.org/post/katrina-files-arkansas-army-national-guard-and-shoot-kill-order

Archived CNN Report | Kathleen Blanco Shoot To Kill Remarks (Sept 2, 2005) 

https://www.cnn.com/2005/WEATHER/09/02/katrina.impact/

How Hurricane Katrina Deaths Were Determined (Academic Source)

https://ldh.la.gov/assets/oph/Center-PHCH/Center-CH/stepi/specialstudies/2014PopwellRatard_KatrinaDeath_PostedOnline.pdf

When Louisiana Lost It’s Foster Children

https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/katrina-foster-kids

Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans (part 2) | Let Me Eat Cake: George W Bush, Kathleen Blanco, Michael Brown, Mayor Nagin Fail Black Americans In New Orleans, Louisiana

Oops, I did it again. I played with your heart. And there will be one more episode in this series. This is the second part of a 3 part series.

Today's episode will be following the immediate aftermath of New Orleans. I'm talking about the levees breaking, the Lower Ninth Ward, the 17th Street Canal breach, the Superdome and where the federal government was for the days after the storm in New Orleans.

I'll talk more about FEMA and its director, Michael Brown, Governor Kathleen Blanco as well as Mayor Ray Nagin.

Black New Orleans was devastated by New Orleans and we'll ask a very important question:

Were the people in New Orleans left to drown on purpose because they were black?

I will seriously address this question directly throughout this episode.

Books

The Great Deluge by Douglas Brinkley 

Come Hell or High Water: Hurricane Katrina and the Color of Disaster by Michael Eric Dyson 

Five Days at Memorial by Sheri Fink 

How To Kill A City by Peter Moscowitz

Articles

August 29th 2005 | The Day Katrina Hit

https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/hurricane-katrina-slams-into-gulf-coast

Essential Timeline (less political | possible paywall) 

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/9/weather-hurricane-katrina-timeline/

Timeline for Hurricane Katrina 

https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2015/08/24/timeline-hurricane-katrina-and-aftermath/32003013/

Sound Clips
George W Bush Sound Bite From Introduction
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RUyx-vBwcog&t=7s

Ray Nagin's Chocolate City Remarks
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QEH9u26Vlhk

E-MAIL
[email protected]

Find me on social media and say hello.

SUBSCRIBE and follow for a new weekly podcast.

Find me on twitter:
www.twitter.com/blkhistorypod

Subscribe on Patreon:
www.patreon.com/blackhistorypod

ALL music by rising star Pres Morris:
Twitter: www.twitter.com/pres_morris
radiofreeglobe.bandcamp.com

Connecting Environmental Racism/segregation in this political true crime saga. Hurricane Katrina, the August 29, 2005 Category 5 hurricane that slammed into New Orleans and the Gulf Coast devastated black American communities, including the historically black Lower Ninth Ward.

Learn about the key players involved: Mayor Ray Nagin, D-Governor Kathleen Blanco, and George W Bush, the at the time vacationing president of the United States.

Why did the levees break? How was the Lower Ninth Ward destroyed? How could a disaster like this happen?

Part 1 of a 2 part series.
Books

The Great Deluge by Douglas Brinkley

Come Hell or High Water: Hurricane Katrina and the Color of Disaster by Michael Eric Dyson 

Five Days at Memorial by Sheri Fink 

The Shock Doctrine by Naomi Klein

How to Kill A City by Peter Moscowitz 

Articles

Native People of New Orleans 

http://www.ala.org/aboutala/offices/nola-tribes

Mardi Gras Indians 

https://www.mardigrasneworleans.com/history/mardi-gras-indians/

Kofi Annan Declares Iraq War Illegal: 

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/sep/16/iraq.iraq

August 29th 2005 | The Day Katrina Hit

https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/hurricane-katrina-slams-into-gulf-coast

Essential Hurricane Katrina Timeline | National Geographic {Paywall}

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/9/weather-hurricane-katrina-timeline/

Hurricane Katrina Timeline | USA Today

https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2015/08/24/timeline-hurricane-katrina-and-aftermath/32003013/

White Vigilantes During Katrina 

https://www.propublica.org/article/post-katrina-white-vigilantes-shot-african-americans-with-impunity

Mayor Ray Nagin (Follow Up) 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Nagin

Levees (a basic summary)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levee

Sound Clips

Memorable Moments Hurricane Katrina
[Timestamp 1:45-2:18]
CBS News John Roberts Reporting
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RD0-dvQfARk

Weather Channel - Hurricane Katrina - August 25, 2005 (Tropical Update)
[Timestamp 3:15-4:05]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iZo2kBWQRzU&feature=youtu.be

 Hurricane Katrina Coverage: (8/26/2005) - The Weather Channel
[Timestamp 1:49-2:46]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sOX8gkbCMnU&feature=youtu.be

C-Span | August 28 2005 President Bush Remarks
[1:09-1:41]
https://www.c-span.org/video/?188604-1/presidential-remarks

C-Span | August 30 2005 Kathleen Blanco Remarks
[0:00-1:18]
https://www.c-span.org/video/?188622-1/hurricane-katrina-relief-efforts


[email protected]

Find me on social media and say hello.

SUBSCRIBE and follow for a new weekly podcast.

Find me on twitter:
www.twitter.com/blkhistorypod

Subscribe on Patreon:
www.patreon.com/blackhistorypod

ALL music by rising star Pres Morris:
Twitter: www.twitter.com/pres_morris
radiofreeglobe.bandcamp.com

Concentration Camps, Trials & Executions  In Nairobi | Britain's Shameful Colonial Past in Kenya AKA "The Emergency" (part 3)

Let's talk about the  end of the KLFA rebellion, British withdrawal from Kenya, the rise of Jomo Kenyatta, General China, the fate of the Gikuyu and the trials and executions carried out by the British.

This is part 3 of a 3 part history podcast series on how Kenya gained independence from England...

I'm going to take us through the brutal end of the KLFA rebellion and the end to the British occupation of Kenya. We're talking about controversial stuff today including British re-education camps, the fate of the Gikuyu people and political organizing in Kenya until official independence from Britain. In this episode, I'll detail more about the concentration camps, re-education, the colonial government's destruction of the Kenyan state and the outcome of the KLFA rebellion.

We get a relatively happy ending with Kenyan independence but the journey there has many twists and turns...

This will be my first black history month doing this podcast...

This is a 3 part series documenting the Kenyan emergency. My next episode will be on a relatively recent event influential in African American history.  I mention it at the end of this episode. Share this with your history class, cite me in a paper or better yet, email me.

[email protected]

Find me on social media and say hello.

SUBSCRIBE and follow for a new weekly podcast.

Find me on twitter:
www.twitter.com/blkhistorypod

Subscribe on Patreon:
www.patreon.com/blackhistorypod

ALL music by rising star Pres Morris:
Twitter: www.twitter.com/pres_morris
radiofreeglobe.bandcamp.com

SOURCES:
Facing Mount Kenya by Jomo Kenyatta

How to pronounce Gikuyu: 
https://forvo.com/word/g%C4%A9k%C5%A9y%C5%A9/

Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of an Empire by David Anderson
 
BBC news source: 
https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-12997138

Part 2 of a (now) THREE PART series.

The Authoritarian Police State | Britain's Shameful Colonial Past in Kenya AKA "The Emergency" (part 2)

Let's talk about the authoritarian police state and white nationalist response to Kenyan sovereignty.

The Mau Mau rebellion, the Kenyan Land and Freedom Army,  Jomo Kenyatta, Nairobi, Gikuyu/Kikuyu history.  Part 2 of a 3 part history podcast series on how Kenya gained independence from England...

Warning: it's unpleasant.

I'm going to outline the stakes for Kenyan independence, the political issues faced by Africans and the W I L D behavior of the British (United Kingdom) colonial governments in African countries. In this episode, I'll detail more white nationalism, African nationalism and talk about the Lari Massacre, one of the most significant events in changing public opinion in favor of the colonial government (but not for the reason you think.)

BACK from my hiatus and ready for black history month. This will be my first black history month doing this podcast...

This is a 3 part series documenting the Kenyan emergency. The 3rd part will be here soon because I am finally back in my office and can record, write, and ruin everyone's day by constantly talking about obscure black history.  Yay!

Find me on social media and say hello. Let me know if you cite this podcast in a class paper. Don't be shy.

SUBSCRIBE and follow for a new weekly podcast.

Find me on twitter:
www.twitter.com/blkhistorypod

Subscribe on Patreon:
www.patreon.com/blackhistorypod

ALL music by the talented Pres Morris:
Twitter: www.twitter.com/pres_morris
radiofreeglobe.bandcamp.com

SOURCES:
Facing Mount Kenya by Jomo Kenyatta

How to pronounce Gikuyu: 
https://forvo.com/word/g%C4%A9k%C5%A9y%C5%A9/

Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of an Empire by David Anderson
 
BBC news source: 
https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-12997138

Leave Kenya Alone! (Britain's Shameful Hidden Past AKA "The Emergency").  The Mau Mau rebellion, the Kenyan Land and Freedom Army,  Jomo Kenyatta, Nairobi, Gikuyu/Kikuyu history. A brief introduction into how Kenya gained independence from England.

Warning: it's unpleasant.

I'm going to outline the stakes for Kenyan independence, the political issues faced by Africans and the W I L D behavior of the British (United Kingdom) colonial governments in African countries.

BACK from my hiatus and ready AF for black history month. My first black history month doing this podcast...

This is a two part series documenting the Kenyan emergency. The second part will be much longer because I am finally back in my office and can record, write, and ruin everyone's day by constantly talking about obscure black history.  Yay!

Find me on social media and say hello. Let me know if you cite this podcast in a class paper. Don't be shy.

SUBSCRIBE and follow for a new weekly podcast.

Find me on twitter:
www.twitter.com/blkhistorypod

Subscribe on Patreon:
www.patreon.com/blackhistorypod

ALL music by the talented Pres Morris:
Twitter: www.twitter.com/pres_morris
radiofreeglobe.bandcamp.com

SOURCES:
Facing Mount Kenya by Jomo Kenyatta

How to pronounce Gikuyu: 
https://forvo.com/word/g%C4%A9k%C5%A9y%C5%A9/

Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of an Empire by David Anderson

Books by David Anderson:
https://www.google.com/search?q=david+anderson+author+histories+of+the+hanged&client=firefox-b-1-d&sxsrf=ALeKk03ag-gZOsng2oQreowMY_9zg2zxpw:1611951634035&source=univ&tbm=shop&tbo=u&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwizrKrk-8HuAhUzB50JHaiQBfsQ1TV6BAgJEGo&biw=1420&bih=950

BBC news source: 
https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-12997138

The Origins of the Rastafarian Movement in Jamaica. 

The first rasta, a Jamaican man named Leonard Howell, is a fascinating figure (more interesting than you think). If you think Rastas are a big fat punchline to a joke, agree with the negative stigma or just don't have a clue why the heck people are Rastas... this is a great podcast for you to get started. Let's set our biases and prejudice aside and talk about where this movement came from and why so many people to this day call themselves rastas. 

I will hold your hand through this spiritual movement and I guarantee you will be the only person in your friend group who knows this much about Rastas.

A tantalizing historical journey where I discuss the history of the Rasta movement, crack jokes, and finally talk about Caribbean history in my favorite episode to date — because it's hands down the funniest.

If you want to know about Ras Tafari, Haile Selassie, Jamaican Colonial History, Marcus Garvey, The Piby, Indian immigration to Jamaica, indentured servants, Athlyi Rogers, and learn about everything Rastafarian BEFORE Bob Marley, give this podcast a listen and don't forget...

SUBSCRIBE and follow for a new weekly podcast.

Find me on twitter:
www.twitter.com/blkhistorypod

Subscribe on Patreon:
www.patreon.com/blackhistorypod

ALL music by the talented Pres Morris:
Twitter: www.twitter.com/pres_morris
radiofreeglobe.bandcamp.com

SOURCES:

Full Text of the Piby, The Black Man’s Bible: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/61962/61962-h/61962-h.htm

The First Rasta by Héléne Lee

Chanting Down Babylon by Nathaniel Samuel Murrell 

Additional Reading:

A Brief History of Seven Killings by Marlon James
Catch A Fire: The Life of Bob Marley by Timothy White

Anniston, AL - a case study for environmental racism in the United States. If you've heard of the issues with Flint, Michigan today, the story of Anniston's fight against environmental racism will stun you. From the Civil Rights Era movement to the modern day fight against PCB contamination, the history of black American activism in Anniston, Alabama will open your eyes to the connections between overt racist violence like lynchings and Jim Crow to the slower violence of environmental issues.

While this episode touches on racism (especially environmental racism) there's also a celebration of black activism and an examination of what makes black activism (and white activism) for environmental justice successful.

Get the history of Monsanto, the Swann chemical company, Fort McClellan and the U.S. Army Depot in this Alabama city in this podcast episode and don't forget to find me on social media once you're done listening.

SUBSCRIBE and follow for a new weekly podcast.

Find me on twitter:
www.twitter.com/blkhistorypod

Subscribe on Patreon:
www.patreon.com/blackhistorypod

ALL music by the talented Pres Morris:
Twitter: www.twitter.com/pres_morris
radiofreeglobe.bandcamp.com

Sources:

Baptized in PCBs: Race, Pollution & Justice in an All-American Town by Ellen Griffith Spears 

A Terrible Thing To Waste by Harriet Washington 

Monsanto Protest In Anniston, AL

https://youtu.be/8Gk3NEIwKvA

Community Against Pollution

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_Against_Pollution

Monsanto Poisoned Anniston (Harriet Washington)

https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/harrietwashington/monsanto-anniston-harriet-washington-environmental-racism

Study of Anniston AL Activism

https://muse.jhu.edu/article/650803

PCB Contamination In Alabama Hearing

https://static.ewg.org/files/AnnistonSenateHearingTrans.pdf

Department of Justice Monsanto Settlement

https://www.justice.gov/archive/opa/pr/2002/October/02_enrd_613.htm

Anniston Assessment Plan

https://www.fws.gov/daphne/Contaminants/Draft_Assessment_Plan_11-25-09.pdf

University of Alabama Professor details Anniston poisoning 

https://news.ua.edu/2014/04/ua-professor-details-how-chemical-dumping-affects-anniston/

Details About Chloracne 

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloracne