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The GLP-1 Episode: What It Is, How It Works & Why the Conversation Needs to Change
GLP-1 medications ...Ozempic, Wegovy, Mounjaro, Zepbound are dominating headlines. But most of the conversation misses the actual science.In this episode, we break down what GLP-1 is (it's a hormone your body already makes), how GLP-1 and dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists work, what the clinical trial data really shows, and the expanding landscape of conditions these medications are being studied for.We also spend real time on the shame and stigma that surrounds these medications — and why the "easy way out" narrative is both scientifically wrong and genuinely harmful.Evidence-led, non-judgmental, and long overdue.
Sources:
Drucker DJ. (2018). Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Application of Glucagon-like Peptide-1. Cell Metabolism, 27(4), 740–756.
Wilding JPH, et al. (2021). Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity (STEP 1). New England Journal of Medicine, 384(11), 989–1002.
Jastreboff AM, et al. (2022). Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity (SURMOUNT-1). New England Journal of Medicine, 387(3), 205–216.
Lincoff AM, et al. (2023). Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obesity without Diabetes (SELECT trial). New England Journal of Medicine, 389(24), 2221–2232.
Rubino DM, et al. (2022). Effect of Continued Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide vs Placebo on Weight Loss Maintenance in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: The STEP 4 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA, 327(14), 1414–1425.
Nauck MA & Meier JJ. (2018). Incretin hormones: Their role in health and disease. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 20(S1), 5–21.
Sumithran P, et al. (2011). Long-term persistence of hormonal adaptations to weight loss. New England Journal of Medicine, 365(17), 1597–1604.
Garvey WT & Mechanick JI. (2020). Proposal for a scientifically correct and medically actionable disease classification system (ICD) for obesity. Obesity, 28(3), 484–492.
Patel D. (2023). Pharmacotherapy for the management of obesity. Metabolism, 92, 1–18.
FDA Drug Approvals: Ozempic (2017), Wegovy (2021), Mounjaro (2022), Zepbound (2023). fda.gov
Wilding JPH, et al. (2021). Cardiovascular and metabolic effects of semaglutide. Lancet, 399, 1736–1748.
Bikou A, et al. (2023). Protein intake and lean mass preservation during GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy: A systematic review. Nutrients, 15(8), 1876.
Cummings DE & Rubino F. (2018). Metabolic surgery for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in obese individuals. Diabetologia, 61(2), 257–264.
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By Aurora VoglewedeGLP-1 medications ...Ozempic, Wegovy, Mounjaro, Zepbound are dominating headlines. But most of the conversation misses the actual science.In this episode, we break down what GLP-1 is (it's a hormone your body already makes), how GLP-1 and dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists work, what the clinical trial data really shows, and the expanding landscape of conditions these medications are being studied for.We also spend real time on the shame and stigma that surrounds these medications — and why the "easy way out" narrative is both scientifically wrong and genuinely harmful.Evidence-led, non-judgmental, and long overdue.
Sources:
Drucker DJ. (2018). Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Application of Glucagon-like Peptide-1. Cell Metabolism, 27(4), 740–756.
Wilding JPH, et al. (2021). Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity (STEP 1). New England Journal of Medicine, 384(11), 989–1002.
Jastreboff AM, et al. (2022). Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity (SURMOUNT-1). New England Journal of Medicine, 387(3), 205–216.
Lincoff AM, et al. (2023). Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obesity without Diabetes (SELECT trial). New England Journal of Medicine, 389(24), 2221–2232.
Rubino DM, et al. (2022). Effect of Continued Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide vs Placebo on Weight Loss Maintenance in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: The STEP 4 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA, 327(14), 1414–1425.
Nauck MA & Meier JJ. (2018). Incretin hormones: Their role in health and disease. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 20(S1), 5–21.
Sumithran P, et al. (2011). Long-term persistence of hormonal adaptations to weight loss. New England Journal of Medicine, 365(17), 1597–1604.
Garvey WT & Mechanick JI. (2020). Proposal for a scientifically correct and medically actionable disease classification system (ICD) for obesity. Obesity, 28(3), 484–492.
Patel D. (2023). Pharmacotherapy for the management of obesity. Metabolism, 92, 1–18.
FDA Drug Approvals: Ozempic (2017), Wegovy (2021), Mounjaro (2022), Zepbound (2023). fda.gov
Wilding JPH, et al. (2021). Cardiovascular and metabolic effects of semaglutide. Lancet, 399, 1736–1748.
Bikou A, et al. (2023). Protein intake and lean mass preservation during GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy: A systematic review. Nutrients, 15(8), 1876.
Cummings DE & Rubino F. (2018). Metabolic surgery for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in obese individuals. Diabetologia, 61(2), 257–264.