This story was originally published on HackerNoon at: https://hackernoon.com/building-dapps-that-last-why-cairo-is-the-winner-programming-language-for-web3-devs.
Like the city itself - a learning gateway to complex histories, Cairo, the coding language, is opening new doors in the decentralised world
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Cairo is designed to be a highly optimized provable programming language, and it just so happens that STARKs are great for scaling Ethereum, too, because verifying a proof takes less time than executing the program with the same inputs. Hence, Starknet is quite literally written in Cairo with the goal of scaling Ethereum and building Web3 applications.
Starknet enhances Ethereum’s scalability by enabling the network to handle a higher volume of transactions without the usual slowdown or high fees. It achieves this by posting only state differences to Ethereum and aggregating many Starknet state transition proofs together to create a single proof, meaning the proving cost is amortized across many users. This process relies on zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs), allowing Ethereum to verify transactions securely without exposing each detail—similar to receiving a summary receipt.
By processing transactions in bulk and only sharing essential data with Ethereum, Starknet’s use of Cairo not only cuts costs but also improves transaction speed.