When c is in front of an i, y, or e, it is soft and says /s/. For example: city, cycle, and race.

When c is in front of any other letter, it is hard and says /k/. For example: camera, car, and cone.

When g is in front of an i, y, or e, it is soft and says /j/. For example: giant, gypsy, and gem.

When g is in front of any other letter, it says /g/. For example: go, gave, and ground.