On this day in 1789, the U.S. Congress proposed to the state legislatures a series of constitutional amendments guaranteeing specific freedoms to all Americans. Here’s to the genius who made possible the Bill of Rights: James Madison.

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Also check out:

“The Genius of James Madison” by Timothy Sandefur: https://theobjectivestandard.com/2018/04/the-genius-of-james-madison/

James Madison: A Biography by Ralph Ketcham: https://amzn.to/3i0XGor

James Madison by Richard Brookhiser: https://amzn.to/3i6l3gi

Maria Montessori broke gender barriers, becoming one of the first female physicians in Italy. She went on to pioneer an approach to education that helps children independently develop their bodies and minds.

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Also check out:

“Heroes and Villains in American Education” by Andrew Bernstein: https://theobjectivestandard.com/2018/08/heroes-and-villains-in-american-education/

The Montessori Method by Maria Montessori: https://amzn.to/3mBgCgS

The Absorbent Mind: A Classic in Education and Child Development for Educators and Parents by Maria Montessori: https://amzn.to/32FRYE0

Theorists prior to Charles Darwin either credited God with the creation of all species or announced theories without sufficient evidence. After years of patiently collecting, cataloging, and following the evidence, Darwin identified the fact that animals evolve via a process of natural selection, thus setting the life sciences on their proper foundation.

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Also check out:

“Darwin and the Discovery of Evolution” by Keith Lockitch: https://theobjectivestandard.com/2008/02/darwin-discovery-evolution/

“Evolution is Scientific Fact, Not a ‘Lie from Hell’” by Ross England: https://theobjectivestandard.com/2012/10/evolution-is-scientific-fact-not-a-lie-from-hell/

Inherit the Wind: https://amzn.to/3k8Danf

The Lost World by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle: https://amzn.to/33iHHg

Ernest Shackleton famously said “Obstacles are just things to overcome.” He lived by that principle, making three expeditions to Antarctica, one of which was intended to cross the entire continent from sea to sea. When this last went awry, Shackleton spearheaded one of the greatest survival missions in history.

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John Locke, born August 29, 1632, made the first comprehensive case for individual rights, and America’s founders stood on his shoulders when declaring that “governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.” 

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Also check out:

“John Locke: The Father of Liberalism” by Jon Hersey: https://theobjectivestandard.com/2019/08/john-locke-the-father-of-liberalism/

Locke: A Biography by Roger Woolhouse: https://amzn.to/3lkMqpM

 John Locke and Natural Philosophy by Peter Anstey: https://amzn.to/2URflbm

“Obscure Manuscript Further Reveals John Locke’s Intellectual Honesty” by Jon Hersey: https://theobjectivestandard.com/2019/09/obscure-manuscript-further-reveals-john-lockes-intellectual-honesty/

For forty-four years, William Wilberforce fought to end slavery in Britain. Finally, in 1833—just three days before he died—he heard the joyous news that Britain would outlaw slavery in nearly all its colonies.

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Also check out:

“Wilberforce the Abolitionist: Monument to Perseverance” by Jon Hersey: https://theobjectivestandard.com/2017/11/wilberforce-the-abolitionist/

William Wilberforce: A Hero for Humanity by Kevin Belmonte: https://amzn.to/2Q14YwU

Amazing Grace: William Wilberforce and the Heroic Campaign to End Slavery by Eric Metaxas: https://amzn.to/2YbfuX1

Louis Pasteur’s groundbreaking science has saved countless lives and continues to do so today. He pioneered the development and use of vaccines, creating the first-ever vaccines for anthrax and rabies. His work was key in confirming the germ theory of disease, leading the British surgeon Joseph Lister to develop antiseptic surgical methods. And he developed the method of heat-treating beverages to destroy enzymes and bacteria that cause spoilage—pasteurization, that is. Here’s the inspiring story of one of the most life-serving scientists ever to grace the earth.

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Also check out: 

“Louis Pasteur: A Light That Brightens More and More” by Ross England: https://theobjectivestandard.com/2013/11/louis-pasteur-a-light-that-brightens/

The Story of Louis Pasteur: https://amzn.to/3auQKOo

Sarah Breedlove (aka Madam C. J. Walker), a black woman born two years after Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation, began her career washing clothes and ended it as the founder of a cosmetics company—and a self-made millionaire. She was, in fact, the first female self-made millionaire in American history. Check out this beautiful story of a beauty tycoon.

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On Her Own Ground: The Life and Times of Madam C.J. Walker by A’Lelia Bundles: https://amzn.to/2PvIG63

The True Story of Madam C.J. Walker | TWO DOLLARS AND A DREAM: https://youtu.be/WrpVozNIHds

Joseph Priestley was a polymath who made major advances in science, education, and government. On July 31, 1772, he became, if not the first, one of the first men ever to isolate oxygen. We honor this and his many other achievements in this episode of The Hero Show! 

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The Capitalist Manifesto by Andrew Bernstein: https://amzn.to/318aFhw

The Enlightenment of Joseph Priestley: A Study of His Life and Work from 1733 to 1773 by Robert E. Schofield: https://amzn.to/2XeK5SN

The Enlightened Joseph Priestley: A Study of His Life and Work from 1773 to 1804 by Robert E. Schofield: https://amzn.to/2XcUoqy

The Enlightenment: The Rise of Modern Paganism by Peter Gay: https://amzn.to/3fhJlTg

The Enlightenment: The Science of Freedom by Peter Gay: https://amzn.to/3ffhFhN

Adam Smith is widely recognized as “the father of modern economics,” thanks to his highly influential book, The Wealth of Nations, in which he explained how free markets work and why they benefit everyone. What many don’t know is that Smith was also a vital contributor to the Scottish Enlightenment’s thinking on ethics. Join us for a conversation about this seminal Scotsman with Dr. Eamonn Butler, director of the Adam Smith Institute.

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The Condensed Wealth of Nations and The Incredibly Condensed Theory of Moral Sentiments by Eamonn Butler: https://bit.ly/2WRp2Ws

The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith: https://amzn.to/3jB1VsK

The Theory of Moral Sentiments by Adam Smith: https://amzn.to/30HjHlI