As Hilliard faces fast-approaching deadlines tied to state and federal permitting for the proposed Amazon data center along Scioto-Darby Road, local advocates Paul Lambert and Cathy Cowan-Becker joined the us to outline the rapidly escalating number of changes affecting community interests, state-level legislation, and the energy demands of hyperscale data infrastructure.
The immediate concern centers on a pending Ohio EPA air permit that would authorize approximately 150 Tier 2 diesel generators at the Hilliard site. The draft permit, now open for public comment, has heightened fears about air quality, particulate pollution, and the proximity of large-scale industrial equipment to homes, schools, and parks.
A Regional Pattern
Cowan-Becker emphasized that Hilliard is far from alone. Across Central Ohio, municipalities and townships are increasingly moving to slow or halt data center development altogether.
Within the past several months, Jerome Township enacted a nine-month moratorium on data centers, while Washington Township adopted a 90-day pause and urged Dublin to follow suit. In Dublin, resident opposition has delayed plans in the West Innovation District, with the most recent proposal scheduled for January discussion excluding data centers entirely. Further south, South Bloomfield and Ashville approved a six-month moratorium, and in Wilmington, a proposed Amazon facility has generated enough resistance to table a planning vote amid organized community opposition.
While these actions do not permanently block projects, both guests noted that they buy time for residents to organize, educate themselves, and signal political resistance which is sometimes enough to cause developers to abandon sites altogether.
Federal Retreat, Local Accountability?
The discussion also addressed recent announcements by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, which has stated it will no longer weigh human health impacts (so-called “externalities”) as heavily when evaluating regulations, instead focusing primarily on economic effects to industry.
Cowan-Becker explained that while this shift weakens federal oversight, it increases the importance of local decision-making, where elected officials remain directly accountable to residents.
However, both guests warned that state law increasingly limits local control.
HB 15 and “Behind-the-Meter” Power
Much of that constraint stems from House Bill 15, which allows large energy users (explicitly including data centers) to build private, behind-the-meter power generation without meaningful local review.
According to Cowan-Becker, this effectively guarantees that approving a data center also approves a fossil-fuel power plant next to it:
“If you approve a data center, you are approving a gas plant to go next to that data center… There will be no public hearing. Your residents won’t even know about it.”
In Hilliard’s case, that generation would likely rely on natural gas, supplemented by extensive diesel backup systems. These back-ups are chosen not for environmental performance, but for speed and reliability.
Density Mismatch for Renewables
Paul’s background in previous eras of these sites helped to detail the sheer magnitude of energy consumption driving these decisions. Based on Amazon’s own permit filings, the Scioto-Darby site would support roughly 400 megawatts of load, derived from 148 diesel generators averaging 2.5 megawatts each.
“They wouldn’t put in 400 megawatts of generators if they didn’t have a 400 megawatt load planned for the site.”
While the table are largely fans of renewable energy, Paul explained that powering such a facility exclusively with more environmentally friendly generation would require millions of solar panels covering dozens of square miles, or hundreds of wind turbines spread across a comparable footprint. By default, the density of demand leaves fossil fuels as the only option under current policy.
Jordan points out the fundamental mismatch between renewable energy and hyperscale data centers should not be read as an indictment of renewables but rather as evidence of how extreme and historically anomalous the data center use case has become with renewables aligning more naturally with human-scale demand.
“The fact that it’s not up to this crazy use case isn’t a damning statement on renewable energy. It’s more a damning statement on the crazy use case, I think.”
Speculation, Finance, and the AI Gold Rush
Beyond local land use and pollution concerns, Lambert framed data centers as part of a broader speculative cycle tied to AI and financial markets. He likened the current build-out to historical investment bubbles, where capital chases perceived inevitability faster than underlying economics can justify.
“There’s always a snake oil salesman that shows up and says, ‘I know how to take your money.’”
Lambert described a layered ecosystem of owner-operators, co-location developers, and pure land speculators, warning that many participants at the lower end may never realize sustainable returns once energy, water, and infrastructure constraints collide with the pace of technological change.
Environmental and Climate Consequences
Cowan-Becker closed by connecting Ohio’s data center boom to broader fossil-fuel expansion, including renewed fracking on public lands. She cited methane leakage throughout the gas supply chain and massive water consumption per well, arguing that data-center-driven gas demand driving fracking is incompatible with climate commitments.
“If these are powered by fossil fuels… it’s derailing our chance of rescuing a livable climate.”
What Comes Next
With public comment deadlines looming and state law limiting municipal authority, both guests urged residents to remain engaged at the local level, where community engagement has already altered outcomes elsewhere in Ohio.
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