The Innovation Civilization Podcast

In this episode, we sat down with Professor Dr. Salim Ayduz, a distinguished expert in Ottoman science and technology delving into the rich tapestry of technical innovations that helped create the Ottoman Empire's 600+ year tri-continental legacy.

In the episode, we cover:

-the forgotten pioneers of Ottoman science & technology

-the social, political, and economic dynamics that influenced Ottoman innovation

-comparative analysis of Ottoman and Western scientific and technological progress

-challenges the empire faced in keeping pace with the changing world

Tune in to this enlightening episode that reveals the hidden chapters of Ottoman innovation, while also shedding new light on the challenges the empire faced as it navigated the currents of change across the centuries.

Follow our host Waheed Rahman (@iwaheedo), for more updates on tech, civilizational growth, progress studies, and emerging markets.

Here are the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players, you should be able to click the timestamp for the episode.

(00:00) - Intro

(02:15) - Professor Salim's background

(04:10) - Origin of the Ottoman Empire and why there is a lack of information on the Ottoman innovation landscape?

(11:44) - What is the Professor's research methodology when it comes to consuming knowledge and researching Ottoman innovation and inventions?

(15:35) - Ottoman's contribution to astronomy and astrology

(26:35) - Ottoman's contribution to mathematics

(31:45) - The inception and mass adoption of gunpowder and cannons in the Ottoman era

(36:11) - Notable innovations and inventions during the Ottoman period

(43:59) - The socio-political dynamics that influenced the decline of Ottoman contribution to science and technology

(50:49) - Challenges the empire faced in keeping pace with the changing world

(57:20) - Classical books reading recommendation by Professor on Ottoman innovation

(59:00) - Outro

On this episode, we're joined by serial entrepreneur and CEO of Manna Bobby Healy (@realBobbyHealy) who runs one of the Top 5 drone delivery companies in the world. We also welcomed back a friend of the pod Pamir Sevincel, Partner at Blackbird.

Join us as we talk about the ins and outs of a fundamental technology that'll terraform the way we live: last-mile drone delivery.

In this episode, we cover:

-Bobby's entrepreneurial journey and the lessons learned along the way

-The genesis of Manna and the vision for drone-powered deliveries

-The environmental impact of replacing traditional delivery vehicles with drones

- Business models and venture funding landscape: current, future and past.

- Advice to founders building hardware-heavy companies

-The challenges and opportunities in the emerging drone delivery industry

-The future of on-demand delivery and its potential to reshape urban living

Follow our host Waheed Rahman (@iwaheedo), for more updates on tech, civilizational growth, progress studies, and emerging markets.

Here are the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players, you should be able to click the timestamp for the episode. 

(00:00) - Intro

(02:25) - Bobby's journey to leading several successful startups

(03:16) - What is Manna Aero?

(07:50) - Use case of drone delivery for E-commerce businesses

(15:04) - Replacing traditional delivery vehicles with drones?

(20:00) - How feasible is drone delivery in rural/suburban areas?

(22:21) - Economic impact on suburban drone delivery

(26:01) - Challenges in the delivery drone industry

(33:12) - What factors make places like Texas particularly appealing for startups and investors in the consumer business sector? What should be the focus of startups in the drone delivery space: profitability or scalability?

(40:02) - Can AI-generated models help optimize drone delivery services?

(52:56) - Future of on-demand delivery and the impending challenges

(65:12) - Competitive Advantage and Unique Value Proposition of Manna

(67:48) - Quick Fire Round

We're joined at Empasco by the former Prime Minister of Estonia Taavi Roivas, who ran and built both sets of organizations: leading the highest political office of one of the most technologically advanced EU governments and now also being a technology entrepreneur to a hard tech startup doing mobilities.

In the episode, we cover:

- the confluence of technology and politics in shaping the future

Follow our host Waheed Rahman (@iwaheedo), for more updates on tech, civilizational growth, progress studies, and emerging markets.

Here are the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players, you should be able to click the timestamp for the episode. 

(02:37) - Taavi's academic and political backstory

(08:34) - How did Taavi successfully balance youth political engagement and academic pursuits, particularly in technology and science, while maintaining a harmonious environment towards a shared vision?

(11:16) - What are the key similarities and differences in running a political organization compared to a technology or private organization?

(14:14) - How is Auve Tech transforming the public transport sector?

(19:46) - How can we encourage more individuals interested in societal development to engage in politics with a genuine understanding of technology?

(25:30) - Should the use of disruptive contemporary tech like AI be heavily regulated? 

(30:58) - How can governments achieve self-disruption, akin to companies like Amazon, while simultaneously maintaining stability for society? How to navigate the trade-off between 

(38:54) - Thoughts on the notion of the United States being in decline and the emergence of a more multipolar world? How would such shifts impact smaller countries and the 

(41:14) - What should the government's approach be for the use of cryptocurrencies?

(44:18) - What is the government's stance on the potentially destabilizing effects of technology, particularly social media and digitization, on democracy, considering concerns about the 

(50:16) - Quick Fire Round

(53:40) - Outro

In this episode, we're joined by one of the founding faculties of Stanford's technology ethics course. Professor Rob Reich is the author of the recently published book "System Error: Where Big Tech Went Wrong & How We Can Reboot."

In the face of society-altering AI and advancing technologies, we confront pressing ethical and societal challenges. How do we address them effectively without letting technology wreak havoc?

In the episode, we discuss:

Join us as we analyze the critical challenges faced by the digital society and present thought-frameworks for a feasible system reboot.

Here are the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players, you should be able to click the timestamp for the episode. 

(00:00)- Intro

(03:31)- Origin story of the book -"System Error: Where Big Tech Went Wrong & How We Can Reboot."

(05:17)- Does the specialization of knowledge witnessed in the past 2 centuries contribute more to our advancement or impede it?

(09:56)- Is optimization bad for us?

(13:23)- Is "stakeholder capitalism" the only way forward

(14:26)- Is our current form of democracy optimized sufficiently to guide us towards the right conclusions amidst the rapid acceleration of technological advancements?

(19:08)- Is sacrificing short-term prosperity for long-term stability and collective success worthwhile for societies pursuing lasting progress?

(20:26)- How can we ensure that our institutions are adept at crafting agile regulations that can effectively address the evolving landscape of technology?

(27:01)- How to strike a balance between implementing essential guardrails and the potential risk of losing innovation and economic benefits to jurisdictions with more permissive regulations?

(30:32)- What are the limitations and potential drawbacks of relying solely on experts and dismissing the input and perspectives of the general public on important issues?

(32:50)- How can we navigate towards a more balanced approach that incorporates stakeholder capitalism?

(38:02)- How to assess the ongoing exploration and search for effective governance and cap table structures that successfully balance social impact and economic incentives?

(39:00)- What is the problem with Big Tech?

(41:25)- Outro

Centuries before the official Renaissance of Europe began as we deem it, there was a part of Europe (i.e. Muslim Spain) which already begun the 'Renaissance' and made the region a powerhouse of innovation and prosperity that would go on to shape the world we live in today. A tale of technical innovations, pluralistic cohabiting of various religions, and translation of ideas that formed our modern universities/libraries today.

We uncover a part of history that is often overlooked; our host Waheed Rahman (@iwaheedo), delves into the 700-year Muslim rule in Spain - or Al-Andalus as it was called. He is joined by Dr. Elizabeth Drayson, Emeritus Fellow and Senior Lecturer at the University of Cambridge and author of four books on medieval Spanish history who takes us on a journey through the incredible scientific, cultural, economic, and diplomatic innovations that emerged during this time.

In the episode we cover, 

-the rise of Muslim rule in Spain

-the development of science (astronomy, mathematics, agriculture, & medicine, etc.) in Muslim Spain that laid the foundations for all modern innovation and inventions

- Jewish-Muslim-Christian cohabitation and relations in Muslim Spain.

- The 'Golden Age for the Jews' and the tale of Jewish Viziers (Prime ministers) of Islamic emirates

- The Arabic-to-Latin translation movement 

- Lessons from 'Convivencia'  for the contemporary world 

Join us as we uncover the hidden gems of history and showcase the incredible innovations that have shaped our world today.

Follow our host Waheed Rahman (@iwaheedo), for more updates on tech, civilizational growth, progress studies, and emerging markets.

Here are the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players, you should be able to click the timestamp for the episode. 

(00:00) - Intro

(03:15) - The emergence of Islamic Spain or Al-Andalus

(06:07) - The historical significance of the region

(07:49) - Exchange of Knowledge: Golden age of Jews under Muslims

(16:28) - The contribution of Islamic Spain to modern technologies in the fields of scientific development, innovation, politics, & Governance

(25:27) - Knowledge transfer: Importance of the Translation Movement

(34:01) - What were some of the shortcomings or failures of Islamic rule in Spain, and how did they impact its legacy and relevance in modern times?

(38:31) - How can we apply the lessons of historical collaboration and coexistence between different peoples and faiths to address contemporary conflicts and tensions in the world?

(40:58) - Outro

How to build a digital-native nation? How to use digital-native design to solve voter fraud and corruption?

For an action-packed episode with an actual builder of digital governments, our host Waheed Rahman (@iwaheedo) takes the seat with one of the world’s most influential people in the field of digital governance, Siim Sikkut. (@sikkut) The man who led Estonia’s groundbreaking E-residency program and also played a builder role as the Estonian government’s former Chief Information Officer (CIO). Siim is also the author of the book ‘Digital Government Excellence: Lessons from Effective Digital Leaders” and helps policymakers and technologists around the globe in building future-ready digital societies. 

On the episode we cover:

-the fundamentals of building a digital nation

Follow our host Waheed Rahman (@iwaheedo) for more updates on tech, civilizational growth, progress studies, and emerging markets.

Here are the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players, you should be able to click the timestamp for the episode. 

(04:05) - Siim's background in digital government

(06:44) - What is the reason for the Tiger Leap Initiative originating in Estonia?

(08:14) - What is unique about the Estonian government's digital Program? 

(13:49) - How was the issue of building citizens' trust addressed in Estonia governments' digital program initiatives?

(15:45) - What approaches were taken to address the problem of voter fraud?

(25:25) - What steps were taken to communicate to government stakeholders and ministers that the process was iterative and there was a risk of failure, and how were they convinced of the importance of taking such risks in pursuing e-government progress?

(28:00) - Revenue model of the E-Residency program of Estonia

(33:13) - In what ways were digital solutions leveraged to combat corruption and enhance transparency?

(36:32) - What are the best practices for smaller countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America that are interested in adopting a more digital government approach similar to the Estonian model?

(45:48) - What lessons can be learned from the failures of digital governments, and what traps do government officials commonly encounter on their digital journeys?

(48:21) - Quick Fire Round

(50:10) - Outro

2024 Nobel Prize Winner & Co-author of the best-selling book “Why Nations Fail”, James A. Robinson joined us to discuss the role of political and economic institutions in shaping the success or failure of nations. A political scientist and economist, Robinson is currently a professor at the University of Chicago and one of the world’s leading experts on political and economic development. His research delves into the root causes of poverty, conflict, and economic inequality across the globe.

In the episode, we cover:

-the basics of institution building

Follow our host Waheed Rahman (@iwaheedo),, for more updates on tech, civilizational growth, progress studies, and emerging markets.

Here are the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players, you should be able to click the timestamp for the episode. 

(00:00) - Introduction

(05:54) - James's background and what motivated him to study about institutions, economics & nations?

(11:09) - Significance of democracy for nation building 

(13:22) - Definition and importance of political/economic institutions

(14:07) - Characteristics of inclusive and extractive institutions

(16:51) - How can political centralization drive economic growth?

(19:41) - Are inclusive institutions more democratic?

(21:02) - Does democracy ensure economic development?

(23:12) - Was the Industrial Revolution the biggest source of inequality in the world?

(28:08) - Examples of nations with extractive forms of institutions 

(30:47) - Impact of European Colonialism on poor countries 

(35:57) - What sort of political/economic system drove China's economic growth?

(40:36) - Is China's growth sustainable given the current authoritarian regime/institution policies?

(42:56) - How do geography and culture impact economic development?

(48:17) - What do virtuous and vicious circles mean in light of developing political/economic institutions?

(58:05) - Outro

Founded by the infamous Genghis Khan in 1206, the Mongol Empire created the 2nd largest kingdom in the history of the planet.

What's less well known is that Mongol rule ushered in a plethora of technological innovation and development that shaped the formative years in trade & science infrastructure of a land mass spanning all the way to the East from Korea, through China, Central Asia, Russia, Persia and to even Eastern Europe parts like Crimea and modern day Ukraine.

The defining periods in world history have always come about as a result of successful change management and revolutionary leadership. Reflecting on the last 2 decades of rapid flux coupled with 

For an educative and thrilling episode on understanding the golden principles of change management and how public and private organizations can thrive in an era of rapid flux, we bring you 

In the episode, we cover:

-how Professor Kotter's 8-step change framework and 8 accelators can be applied in today's management processes

-how private and public organizations can implement and manage change

-the key distinctions between management and leadership

-functions of organizational lifecycles and dual operating system

-how big corporations can incorporate the startup mentality

-whether leadership training is necessary 

Follow our host Waheed Rahman (@iwaheedo) for more updates on tech, civilizational growth, progress studies, and emerging markets.

Here are the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players, you should be able to click the timestamp for the episode.

(00:00) - Intro

(06:26) - Professor John P. Kotter's background

(10:25) - How should modern firm's react to the level of rapid change?

(12:44) - Is the 8-step change model still relevant today?

(15:34) - Is the 8 accelerators similar to the 8-step change framework? What are the accelators needed for?

(16:44) - How to implement and manage change amidst the ever changing nature of work? 

(19:47) - Management vs leadership

(29:59) - How are hierarchies and networks connected to the organizational life cycle?

(35:52) - Use case example of dual operating system

(39:19) - How to incorporate a startup mentality in large organizations?

(43:51) - How does change management differ for public vs private organizations?

(46:43) - Rapid-fire round: Getting to know more about the guest

(49:47) - About Professor Kotter's most recent book - "Change"

(52:43) - Can we train people to become better leaders?

(54:20) - Outro

China boasts the largest fintech ecosystem in the world having a penetration rate of 87%  and a total transaction volume of $51.8 trillion via mobile payments only (three times the country’s GDP). The country is setting strong examples for the rest of the world to follow as it continues to develop cashless innovation systems positing road maps and processes for a shared digital currency future. 

The largely cashless economy is fundamentally changing the very nature of money as it emerges as the world's financial technology leader.

How are they doing that?

For an exclusive episode unpacking the FinTech infrastructure of China and its growing dominance in the world of tech-driven financial services, we sat down with one of the leading experts in FinTech and Innovations, Rich Turrin.(@richardturrin) Rich is the author of the best-selling books Cashless: China's Digital Currency Revolution (https://www.amazon.com/Cashless-Chinas-Digital-Currency-Revolution/dp/1949642720) and Innovation Lab Excellence. (https://www.amazon.com/Innovation-Lab-Excellence-Digital-Transformation-ebook/dp/B07PMF4YFL) He is an award-winning fintech innovation expert previously heading fintech teams at IBM, following a twenty-year career heading trading teams at global investment banks where he spent a large part of his career in Shanghai witnessing China's cashless revolution upfront.

In the episode we deep-dive into:

-the design and innovation processes that set up the Chinese FinTech infrastructure

-the core reasons behind the massive adaptation of cashless payment systems in China

-how the country incentivized its private tech firms to develop and encourage large scale FinTech solutions by provisioning banking licenses for them

- comparison of NFC payment systems (Square, ApplePay, etc) vs Chinese payment rails (like Alipay)

- QR codes as a tool for widespread fintech adoption in China

-how China's central bank digital currency (CBDC) can transform and replace standard payment systems like SWIFT

-how CBDC differs from ETH/BTC

-how and why the west is falling behind when it comes to fintech

-the rise of CBDCs and policy implications for the Emerging Market countries

Follow our host Waheed Rahman (@iwaheedo) for more updates on tech, civilizational growth, progress studies, and emerging markets.

Here are the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players, you should be able to click the timestamp for the episode.

(00:00) - Intro

(03:22) - Rich's journey to writing "Cashless: China's Digital Currency Revolution

(05:17) - Key differences between the Chinese society and the American society

(07:51) - Why has the West fallen behind in terms of major fintech adaption vs China?

(11:17) - What is the reason behind the rapid FinTech adoption in China? What makes the Chinese FinTech so special?

(15:56) - What is Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC)? Why should we care about it?

(21:28) - Emergence of the early cashless payment systems (QR codes, NFC, etc.)

(27:36) - Advantages of having CBDCs compared to the contemporary FinTech payment solutions (Ali Pay, WeChat pay, Apple pay, etc.)

(34:48) - Crypto maximalist viewpoint vs CBDC

(36:00) - Disadvantages to having CBDC

(38:58) - How would CBDCs change/replace the current money transfer system platform such as SWIFT?

(50:36) - Impacts on western policies 

(53:24) - When will CBDCs get launched? What stage is it in right now?

(56:03) - How is China breaking the tech industry?

(59:42) - How should policymakers in Emerging/Frontier markets think about CBDCs?

Music used in this episode: Reverie Millenary | by PoKeR、李大白k

(A tune inspired by one of the most famed female figures of ancient China, Empress Wu Zetian. it tells the story of an educated young lady employed in the palace for her academic talents. Through a variety of circumstances and political struggles, she eventually found her way up to the top as the Emperor of Tang Dynasty China, where her talents ushered the ancient kingdom into a golden era of economic momentum.)