The Counsellor and the Coach

The Karpman Drama Triangle - Victim, Rescuer or Persecutor?


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In this episode Peter and Dermot discuss Stephen Karpman's "Drama Triangle" which describes three patterned roles we can fall into in interpersonal relationships particular when in conflict. These roles are,

The Victim: The Victim is not intended to represent an actual victim, but rather someone feeling or acting like one.  The Victim feels helpless, hopeless, powerless, and seems unable to make decisions or take responsibility for their own, feelings, thoughts or actions. The Victim, if not being persecuted, will set someone else up in the role of Persecutor. They will also seek help, creating one or more Rescuers to save the day, who will in reality perpetuate the Victim's negative feelings and leave them dependent.

The Rescuer: (a.k.a. hero or caretaker) The Rescuer's line is "Let me help you." Typically, an enabler, the Rescuer feels guilty if they don't go to the rescue, and ultimately becomes resentful if their help fails to work. Their rescuing and caretaking tend to keep the Victim dependent and doesn't allow the Victim permission to fail and experience the consequences of their choices. 

The Persecutor: (a.k.a. Villain or controller) The Persecutor insists, "It's all your fault." The Persecutor is controlling, blaming, critical, oppressive, authoritarian, rigid, and superior. But, if blamed in turn, the Persecutor may become defensive, and may switch roles to become a Victim. The persecutor wants to seek comfort by controlling or punishing those around them.

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The Counsellor and the CoachBy Peter Connolly and Dermot Coonan