Xhosa is a ‘glutinous’ language, meaning that vowels at
the beginning and end of words are often swallowed,
words or syllables thus becoming ‘glued’ together.
Thank you, lady - Enkosi, nkosikazi
Becomes Enkos’ ‘nkosikazi (‘kos’kas’)

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This is a basic greeting to get us through the first few
lessons. You may know some variations and we will
certainly cover them in time, but for now we are going
to stick to this simple formula.

Vocab for Greetings:

Hello (sing) - Molo Hello (plural) – Molweni
Brother - (u)bhuti Father - (u)tata
Sister - (u)sisi Mother - (u)mama
Teacher - (u)Titshala Students - (a)bafundi
(The vowels in brackets above are part of the full noun
when referring to a mother or the father, but is
dropped when speaking to someone directly.)
It - ku how? - njani? So... how’s it? - Kunjani?
Well - philile Thanks - enkosi
Yourself - wena Me too/also me - nam

Class Greeting: Greeting between
Class response in bold: individuals:
Molweni, Bafundi Molo, bhuti / tata
Molo, Titshala Molo, sisi / mama
kunjani? kunjani?
philile, enkosi philile, enkosi
kunjani, wena? kunjani, wena?
philile nam, enkos’ philile nam, enkos’

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Person going says:
Stay - sala or salani (pl) well - kakuhle
Person staying says:
Go - hamba or hambani (pl) well - kakuhle*,
* kahle is also widely used, though strictly speaking it is
isiZulu

hamba/ni – go sala/ni – stay
ni - plural kakuhle – well

**Another word to use is sobonana – we will see each
other (again)
So - bona - na
we will see each other

Additonal words in good-bye:
From English: Sharp Bhayibhayi
It’s ok - Kulungile Yes - Ewe

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Excuse me, sorry, pardon, peace are all the same word

- uxolo

sorry - uxolo excuse me - uxolo
beg your pardon - uxolo peace - uxolo
Excuse me, I don’t know Uxolo, andiyaz

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how’s it? – kunjani? well – philile
yourself – wena me too – nam
sit down – hlala phantsi excuse me – uxolo
I’m sorry, teacher – uxolo, titshala
I don’t know – andiyazi
excuse me, I don’t know – uxolo, andiyazi
help – nceda
a little – kancinci a lot – kakhulu
well – kakuhle beautifully - kakuhle
yes – ewe no – hayi
thank you, enkos thanks a lot – enkos kakhulu
now – ngoku its good – kulungile
it is ok – kulungile its right – kulungile
its fine – kulungile Sharp!

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(The male teacher [Titshala] greets the students
[abafundi])
1. T: Hello (pl) Students T: Molweni, Bafundi
2. A: Hello Teacher A: Molo, Titshala
3. T: How’s it?? T: kunjani?
4. A: Well, thanks, A: philile, enkosi
5. How is it, yourself? kunjani, wena?
6. T: Fine also, thank you. T: philile nam, enkos’
7. Go well (plural) hambani kakuhle
8. A: Stay well, Titshala A: Sala kakuhle, titshala
9. T: We will see each other T: Sobonana
10. A: Yes, goodbye. A: Ewe, bhabhayi.

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(The male teacher [Titshala] greets the students
[abafundi])
1. T: Hello (pl) Students T: Molweni, Bafundi
2. A: Hello Teacher A: Molo, Titshala
3. T: How’s it?? T: kunjani?
4. A: Well, thanks, A: philile, enkosi
5. How is it, yourself? kunjani, wena?
6. T: Fine also, thank you. T: philile nam, enkos’
7. Go well (plural) hambani kakuhle
8. A: Stay well, Titshala A: Sala kakuhle, titshala
9. T: We will see each other T: Sobonana
10. A: Yes, goodbye. A: Ewe, bhabhayi.

UBuntu Bridge has been teaching Xhosa since 2006, there are various products, learning services and tools at : https://www.learnxhosaonline.com/store

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Be able to:
• greet and do the handshake
• pronounce the clicks alone and in words
1. Excuse me, brother.
2. Hello to a group.
3. Hello to a girl. How’s it?
4. Fine, thanks. Yourself?
5. Fine me too.
6. Stay well to a group
7. Go well to one
8. Thanks a lot.
9. We will see each other again
10.Yes, alright.
Answers:
1. Uxolo, bhuti
2. Molweni.
3. Molo sisi. Kunjani?
4. Philile, enkosi. Wena?
5. Philile nam.
6. Salani kakuhle.
7. Hamba kakuhle
8. Enkosi kakhulu.
9. Sobonana.
10.Ewe, kulungile.

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- handshakes are common between genders, mostly
using the ‘African handshake’, consisting of the
standard western grip, followed by a loose gripping of
each others thumbs by the fingers, and then reverting
back to a western grip.
- Handshakes are usually soft, though it has slowly
adapted to the traditionally firmer western grip
(excluding the ‘wet fish’ handshake, which gives most
people the woobly woo’s). They are also often
accompanied by touching the right elbow with the left
hand, a sign of respect that will be explained further in
a later week.
- Handshakes between good friends can last for
minutes, often the whole conversation, with the action
(thumb clasp) repeating itself as a sign that the
conversation is ending.
- it is common for men to hold hands, even whilst
walking down the road. It speaks to the often far more
public displays of affection shown within the separate
gender groups, compared to across genders. You are
far more likely to see a man holding the hand of
another man then that of his wife. The other man is
likely to be a good friend and peer, and they may well
have passed through the manhood initiation ulwaluko
together.

- And also so for women. This is because the culture
generally separates out the groups, which each group
having their own place to hang out at public
gatherings, as well as expectations, taboos, roles
assigned to people not only dependent on their gender,
but on their age group. Of course, in a modern and
urban context, these dynamics do not always exist to
the same extent.

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goal:
To be introduced to the verbs and the prefixes, and to
learn some basic vocab.

UBuntu Bridge has been teaching Xhosa since 2006, there are various products, learning services and tools at : https://www.learnxhosaonline.com/store

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