Intravitreal topotecan is effective against refractory or recurrent vitreous seeds with morphology corresponding to the number of injections needed.

A cohort study from California showed decreasing or steady trends in disparities in ROP incidence between 2012 to 2021, contrasting national trends.

Changes in vessel density of the retinal vasculature appear to manifest in the preclinical phase of Alzheimer’s disease and may serve as a disease biomarker.