We trace how London turned a messy rail network into a global template for wayfinding, from the Underground roundel to Harry Beck’s diagrammatic map and the Legible London street totems. We compare London’s cohesive design to New York’s hybrid map history and ask what riders truly need now that apps guide most trips.

• the roundel’s role in unifying London transport
• Edward Johnston’s type and a shared design language
• Harry Beck’s diagram and why straight lines work
• minimal geography versus cognitive clarity
• New York’s Vignelli map backlash and 2025 redesign
• station exits, transfer signage, and rider confidence
• TFL’s cross-mode branding from tube to bikes
• Legible London pedestrian totems and walking times
• apps changing navigation habits and expectations
• how policy, symbols, and maps align for ease


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