Academia no longer discriminates against women. Controlling for publications, men and women are just as likely to be promoted. But this control neglects an important driver of gender inequality: motherhood.

References:

Ceci, Kahn and Williams 2023 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/15291006231163179

Kim & Moser 2023

https://www.dropbox.com/s/2umv5go9umjdolm/KimMoser.pdf?dl=0

Claudia Goldin 2021

https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691201788/career-and-family

Kleven et al 2019

https://www.henrikkleven.com/uploads/3/7/3/1/37310663/klevenetal_aea-pp_2019.pdf