The Narrated Puritan

In this episode, we dive deep into the remarkable historical accounts of child conversions during the great 18th and 19th-century revivals—from the famous four-year-old Phoebe Bartlett in Jonathan Edwards's Northampton to the quiet, powerful awakenings in the valleys of Wales and the national schools of Ulster. Together, we explore how revival leaders like James Robe, Thomas Phillips, and Asahel Nettleton documented and evaluated these young lives, examining the secret prayer societies children formed in barns and behind hedges, the profound way their simple faith catalyzed entire households, and the careful pastoral discernment used to test genuine spiritual transformation.

How can an infant—devoid of cognitive reasoning, language, or the ability to process the preached Gospel—be born again? Across centuries of church history, Puritans, Particular Baptists, and Reformed giants like Charles Spurgeon, John Gill, Charles Hodge, and B.B. Warfield wrestled with this profound theological enigma. Rejecting both the error of baptismal regeneration by infant baptism, and the myth of natural innocence, these theologians pointed to something far more awe-inspiring: a sovereign, unmediated work of the Holy Spirit who transforms the soul beyond the reach of human intellect. Join us in this episode as we journey through the 1689 London Baptist Confession, historical debates, and the mechanics of divine grace to discover how God secretly regenerates the most vulnerable among us, proving that salvation is, from first to last, entirely of the Lord.

I am sorry to say that much of legerdemain and trickery are to be met with in the religious world. Why, there are those who pretend to save souls by curious tricks, intricate maneuvers, and dexterous posture-making! A basin of water, half-a-dozen drops, certain syllables—heigh, presto!—the infant is made a child of God, a member of Christ, and an inheritor of the kingdom of Heaven! This aqueous regeneration surpasses my belief; it is a trick which I do not understand: the initiated only can perform the beautiful piece of magic, which excels anything ever attempted by the Wizard of the North. There is a way, too, of winning souls by laying hands upon heads, only the elbows of the aforesaid hands must be encased in lawn, and then the machinery acts, and there is grace conferred by blessed fingers! I must confess I do not understand the occult science, but at this I need not wonder, for the profession of saving souls by such juggling can only be carried out by certain favored persons who have received apostolic succession direct from Judas Iscariot.

In John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress, Christian's burden is a vivid theological analogy representing the conscious, crushing weight of guilt and terror of divine judgment that presses upon an awakened sinner when enlightened by God's Law. To the Puritans, this burden is not sin in the abstract, but the painful realization of one's own total depravity, heart-sins, and complete inability to satisfy God's unyielding justice through moral reform or religious duties. Driven by this "law work," the sinner is systematically stripped of self-righteousness, legalism, and mercenary self-trust—such as Christian's terrifying detour under Mount Sinai—until they are emptied of self-sufficiency. Though Christian is truly regenerated and justified upon entering the Wicket Gate, his burden remains until he arrives at the Cross, illustrating the historic Reformed principle (reflected in WLC Q.81 and Owen's exposition of Psalm 130) that a soul may be in a state of grace for some time before the Holy Spirit grants the conscious, liberating sense of pardon and full assurance.

Richard Adams's sermon titled "Of Hell" (subtitled in some editions as "The Wicked Shall Depart from Christ into the Greatest Torments") was preached in May 1659. Context & Publication Series Origin: It was delivered as part of The Morning Exercise Methodized, a series of 28 sermons organized by Thomas Case and preached at St. Giles in the Fields, London, in May 1659. First Publication: The collection was published in 1660 as a systematic overview of Christian doctrine. Text & Topic: Preached on Matthew 25:41 ("Depart from me, ye cursed, into everlasting fire, prepared for the devil and his angels"), the sermon provides an exposition of eternal punishment, distinguishing between the pœna damni (the pain of loss) and pœna sensûs (the pain of sense).