Octavianus’ victory over Antonius (Mark Antony) was a historically cataclysmic moment that shattered the very foundations of the ancient Republic. With his enemies vanquished, Octavianus claimed unrivaled dominion over the Roman government, casting aside the old order and erecting in its place the towering behemoth of the Roman Empire — a new era, born from the ashes of the Republic, that would echo through the annals of history for millennia.

Actium. 2nd September, 31 B.C.
Octavianus' Naval Forces: ~400 Ships
Antonius' and Cleopatra's Naval Forces: ~ 500 Ships

Additional Reading and Research:

• Fuller, J.F.C. A Military History of the Western World.
• Gurval, Robert. Actium and Augustus: The Politics and Emotion of Civil War.
• Porter, Barry. Actium: Rome's Fate in the Balance.
• Plutarch. Life of Antony.
• Sheppard, Si. Actium, 31 BC: Downfall of Antony and Cleopatra.

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