In this shiur we focus on the medieval history of Tachanun, with an emphasis on histories that are often overlooked.

In this shiur we learn about Nefilat Apayim and Tachanun, two aspects of the same ancient liturgy that is commonly said after the Chazarat Ha-Shatz. We trace what we know about it's early development by studying the relevant Sugyot.

In this shiur we examine the origins of Chazarat Ha-Sha"tz, the Chazan's repetition of the Amidah. We also investigate some early and rare customs of the Chazara, such as the Chazara for Arvit.

In this shiur we examine the final Beracha of the Amidah. We explore the history of its composition, the variant texts, and its close relation to Birkat Kohanim.

In this class we finish up our previous topic of Modim and Modim Derabanan, and then continue with the history of Birkat Kohanim. My apologies for the lack of video after a webcam failure.

In this shiur we discuss Modim, the Beracha of 'Hodaah' (thanksgiving), and I present the argument that it was originally the last Beracha of the Amidah in the consciousness of the Tannaim.

In this shiur we study the history of the Beracha "Ritzeh" through its medieval development. We also attempt to reconstruct some of the earliest versions of the Beracha, and we briefly touch upon Yaaleh v'Yavo.

In this shiur we discuss the early history of the Beracha of Ritzeh, and we explore its history before its inclusion into the Amidah.

In this holiday class we explore the origins of the Ashkenazic custom to recite Yizkor on the last day of Yom Tov.

In this class we study the early history and later development of the 16th Beracha of the Amidah which was an early staple of petitionary prayer and a hotbed for embellishment in medieval times.