The Neurostimulation Podcast

Show Notes: The Neurostimulation Podcast – Episode #30 with Dr. Jennifer Rodger

Guest: Dr. Jennifer Rodger, Professor at the University of Western Australia and Head of the Brain Plasticity Research Group at the Perron Institute

Release Date: August 2, 2025

Episode Overview:

In this episode, host Michael Passmore sits down with Dr. Jennifer Rodger, a leading neuroscientist whose lab is pioneering research into the mechanisms and safety of low-intensity, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), especially in the developing brain.

Dr. Rodger shares her unique journey from biochemistry to neuroscience, her initial skepticism about TMS, and how her team’s animal model research is helping to unravel the effects and potential of rTMS in both clinical and research settings. The conversation covers:

The challenges and breakthroughs in miniaturizing TMS coils for animal studies

Key findings from recent studies on rTMS in adolescent mice, including effects on brain plasticity and behavior

The translational bridge between animal research and human clinical applications, especially for youth and neurodevelopmental disorders

The importance of safety, evidence-based innovation, and publishing negative results in scientific research

The future of tailored neurostimulation protocols and the need for collaboration across labs and disciplines

Key Takeaways:

rTMS shows promise for treating neuropsychiatric conditions in youth, but careful, long-term research is essential to ensure safety and efficacy.

Animal models provide valuable insights into the mechanisms and potential risks of neurostimulation, especially during critical developmental windows.

Publishing negative results is crucial for scientific progress and helps guide future research directions.

The field of neurostimulation is rapidly evolving, with opportunities for more personalized and integrated treatment approaches.

Resources & Links:

Dr. Rodger’s lab and research group:

https://brainplasticitylab.org/

https://www.perroninstitute.org/research/research-groups/jennifer-rodger/

https://www.perroninstitute.org/research/our-focus-areas/brain-plasticity/

Recent publications and studies discussed:

Our first low intensity rTMS paper is:

Rodger J, Mo C, Wilks T, Dunlop SA, Sherrard RM. Transcranial pulsed magnetic field stimulation facilitates reorganization of abnormal neural circuits and corrects Behavioral deficits without disrupting normal connectivity. FASEB J. 2012 Apr;26(4):1593-606. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22223750/

Description of miniaturised coil design:

Tang AD, Lowe AS, Garrett AR, Woodward R, Bennett W, Canty AJ, Garry MI, Hinder MR, Summers JJ, Gersner R, Rotenberg A, Thickbroom G, Walton J, Rodger J. Construction and Evaluation of Rodent-Specific rTMS Coils. Front Neural Circuits. 2016 Jun 30;10:47. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27445702/

An exhaustive recent review of low intensity rTMS:

Moretti J, Rodger J. A little goes a long way: Neurobiological effects of low intensity rTMS and implications for mechanisms of rTMS. Curr Res Neurobiol. 2022 Feb 23;3:100033. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36685761/

The work exploring rTMS and endogenous brain activity:

Poh EZ, Green C, Agostinelli L, Penrose-Menz M, Karl AK, Harvey AR, Rodger J. Manipulating the Level of Sensorimotor Stimulation during LI-rTMS Can Improve Visual Circuit Reorganisation in Adult Ephrin-A2A5-/- Mice. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Feb 22;23(5):2418. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35269561/

The recent paper about rTMS in adolescent mice is:

Tomar M, Pow JJ, Penrose-Menz MA, Beros JL, Miljevic A, Meloni B, Rodger J. Low intensity rTMS in adolescent mice affects visuomotor behaviour with no impact on visual topography. Brain Stimul. 2025 May-Jun;18(3):965-974. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40306617/

NB: All research involving animal models was conducted with institutional research ethics board review and approval.

Additional reading on rTMS and neurostimulation:

https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/transcranial-magnetic-stimulation/about/pac-20384625

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/17827-transcranial-magnetic-stimulation-tms

Connect with Us:

If you enjoyed this episode, please like, subscribe, and leave a review. Share your questions or comments below, and check out the show notes for links to Dr. Rodger’s work and related resources.

Stay tuned for more conversations at the intersection of neuroscience, innovation, and clinical practice!

The Neurostimulation Podcast – Exploring the science, therapies, and future of brain health.

Deep Dive into tDCS Methodology: Key Considerations and Protocol Designs

In this episode of The Neurostimulation Podcast, we review chapter seven of the Practical Guide to Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), which focuses on the methodological considerations for selecting tDCS protocols and devices. We discuss important factors such as electrode size and placement, stimulation intensity and duration, and the timing of tDCS sessions. The episode also covers the decision-making framework for clinicians, population-specific adjustments, and the comparison between clinic-based and home-based device use. The role of behavioral tasks during tDCS and the importance of methodological rigor in tDCS research and clinical practice are emphasized. Listeners are encouraged to understand the crucial elements of proper tDCS setup to ensure effective and replicable results.

00:00 Introduction to Chapter Seven Review

01:17 Importance of Methodology in tDCS

01:57 tDCS Decision Matrix

02:44 Defining Research and Therapy Goals

03:25 Key Variables in Protocol Design

05:11 Standalone vs. Adjunctive tDCS

06:16 Population-Specific Considerations

07:41 Clinic-Based vs. Home-Based Device Use

09:13 Session Frequency and Repetition

10:39 Integration with Behavioral Tasks

11:15 Final Thoughts and Conclusion

Neurostimulation Podcast – Chapter 6: tDCS Safety – Myths, Evidence, and Best Practices

Episode Overview:

In this episode, host Dr. Michael Passmore explores Chapter 6 of the "Practical Guide to Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: Principles, Procedures, and Applications." The focus is on the safety of tDCS (transcranial direct current stimulation), addressing common myths, reviewing the latest research, and outlining best practices for both clinical and home use.

Key Topics Covered:

Introduction to tDCS safety and the framework for evaluation

Distinction between adverse events and adverse effects

Review of evidence from over 33,000 tDCS sessions and 1,000+ individuals

Insights from animal studies and their relevance to human safety

Risk assessment protocols in both animal and human studies

Safety considerations for vulnerable populations (children, stroke survivors, epilepsy, individuals with implants)

Home use of tDCS: evidence, compliance, and telehealth supervision

Debunking common myths about tDCS safety:

Myth 1: tDCS hasn’t been tested long enough

Myth 2: tDCS is dangerous for older adults

Myth 3: tDCS can cause permanent brain damage

Common mild side effects and how to prevent them

Real-world safety guidelines and recommendations for practitioners and researchers

The importance of ongoing vigilance, ethics, and future directions in tDCS safety research

Takeaway Message:

When applied responsibly and following evidence-based protocols, tDCS is one of the safest forms of neuromodulation available today. Home use is safe under supervision, and vulnerable groups can be included with tailored protocols. Ongoing research and monitoring will continue to refine best practices.

Resources & Links:

"Practical Guide to Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: Principles, Procedures, and Applications"

For questions, comments, or topic suggestions, leave a comment below or reach out via the podcast’s contact page.

Connect with Us:

Don’t forget to like, subscribe, and leave a review! Share this episode with colleagues, patients, or anyone interested in the science and safety of tDCS.

Stay Curious, Stay Informed!

Aging with Independence and Innovation: Jennifer Cain Birkmose on the Future of Senior Care

In this episode of the Neurostimulation Podcast, host Michael Passmore discusses senior care innovations with guest Jennifer Cain Birkmose. Jennifer, a pioneering entrepreneur and global health leader, co-founded Viva Valet, a concierge-style service aimed at helping seniors live independently at home for as long as possible. The platform offers comprehensive services including in-home adjustments, technology integration, and safety checks. The episode touches on Jennifer’s methodologies, such as using ethnographic research and involving seniors in beta testing, to ensure user-friendly design. Additionally, Jennifer shares insights from her role as a UN advisor on aging and technology and emphasizes the importance of respect, agency, and social connections in senior care. The conversation concludes with a vision for the future of aging, highlighting the expected societal shifts as the senior population grows.

Check out Jennifer's senior's care & support services at Viva Valet https://www.vivavalet.com

00:00 Introduction to the Neurostimulation Podcast

01:38 Meet Jennifer Cain Birkmose: Innovator in Senior Services

04:26 The Viva Valet Platform: Revolutionizing Senior Independence

06:25 Challenges and Solutions in Senior Care

11:16 User Experience and Technology Integration

27:00 Combating Fraud and Ensuring Safety for Seniors

33:55 Global Advocacy and Future Directions

38:24 Understanding Customer Needs and Bridging Gaps

38:46 Resources and Initiatives at Viva Valet

39:43 Global Aging and Cultural Commonalities

40:24 The Importance of Agency and Independence

44:04 Aging with Reverence and Play

45:19 Improv and Its Impact on Older Adults

54:48 Future Predictions for Aging by 2035

01:01:55 Closing Remarks and Final Thoughts

01:08:13 Podcast Outro and Call to Action

Understanding tDCS: Neurophysiological Insights and Clinical Applications | Neurostimulation Podcast

In this episode of the Neurostimulation Podcast, hosted by Michael Passmore, we delve into Chapter 5 of the 'Practical Guide to Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation.' The episode explores how tDCS modulates neurophysiological and functional outcomes. We discuss the neurophysiological principles behind tDCS, including various methods like TMS, EEG, fMRI, and PET for measuring its effects. The importance of state-dependent neuromodulation and personalized treatment through computational modeling is also highlighted. Finally, the episode examines the clinical implications of tDCS in conditions like stroke recovery, depression, and Alzheimer's disease. Tune in to understand how tDCS is shaping neuroscience and clinical practices.

00:00 Introduction to the Neurostimulation Podcast

00:47 Exploring Chapter Five of the tDCS Textbook

01:52 Understanding Neurophysiological Outcomes

02:34 Tools for Measuring tDCS Effects

03:41 Regional and Network Effects of tDCS

05:16 State-Dependent Neuromodulation

06:36 Modeling and Personalized Treatment

07:23 Connecting Brain Changes to Behavior

08:19 Challenges and Clinical Implications

09:07 Conclusion and Future Directions

Exploring Advanced Applications of tDCS: Beyond the Brain

In this episode of the Neurostimulation Podcast, Dr. Michael Passmore continues exploring transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) based on 'The Practical Guide to Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation.' He discusses the expansion of DC-based neuromodulation beyond traditional brain applications to the spinal cord and cerebellum. The episode covers three primary targets of DC stimulation: tDCS, cerebellar DC stimulation, and transcutaneous spinal DC stimulation (tsDCS). Additionally, Dr. Passmore delves into electrode setup, clinical applications, home-based treatments, and the challenges and future directions of this evolving field. Tune in to learn about the potential transformative impacts of these techniques on neurological and psychiatric care.

00:00 Introduction to the Neurostimulation Podcast

01:17 Exploring DC-Based Neuromodulation

02:34 Understanding Electrode Design and Placement

03:27 tDCS: The Most Researched Form of DC Neurostimulation

04:14 Cerebellar DC Stimulation: Beyond Motor Control

06:07 Spinal Cord Stimulation: tsDCS Applications

07:08 Home-Based Applications and Safety Considerations

08:11 Clinical Applications and Case Highlights

09:05 Challenges and Future Directions in DC Neuromodulation

11:04 Conclusion and Final Thoughts

Exploring Deep Brain Stimulation & Cognitive Function with Dr. David Blake | Neurostimulation Podcast

Join Michael Passmore, clinical associate professor in Psychiatry at the University of British Columbia, as he hosts Dr. David Blake, professor of neuroscience and regenerative medicine at Augusta University. In this episode, they delve into Dr. Blake's groundbreaking research on deep brain stimulation (DBS) and its effects on aging, cognitive function, and neuroplasticity. They discuss the latest findings presented at the 2025 Brain Stimulation Conference in Kobe, Japan, exploring the impact of DBS on neurotrophic markers in cerebrospinal fluid. This fascinating conversation unravels the potential of DBS in treating age-related cognitive decline, Alzheimer's disease, and broader applications such as Parkinson's disease and other neurocognitive disorders. Tune in to discover how Dr. Blake's interdisciplinary approach could revolutionize neurotherapeutics.

Blake Lab: https://www.augusta.edu/mcg/dnrm/faculty/blakelab.php

Cortical acetylcholine response to deep brain stimulation of the basal forebrain - Brain Stimulation Jan/Feb 2025 (Open access full text)

https://www.brainstimjrnl.com/article/S1935-861X(24)00979-3/fulltext

Intermittent stimulation of the basal forebrain improves working memoryin aged nonhuman primates Jan/Feb 2025 (Abstract)

https://www.brainstimjrnl.com/article/S1935-861X(24)00735-6/fulltext

Synchron: https://synchron.com

ECoG (Electrocorticography): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrocorticography#:~:text=Electrocorticography%20(ECoG)%2C%20a%20type,activity%20from%20the%20cerebral%20cortex.

00:00 Introduction to the Neurostimulation Podcast

01:11 Sponsor and Guest Introduction

01:43 Deep Brain Stimulation Research Overview

04:04 Discussion with Dr. David Blake

06:27 Dr. Blake's Research and Findings

22:10 Future Directions and Applications

40:14 Brain-Computer Interfaces and Neuromodulation

45:10 Advice for Aspiring Neuroscientists

48:54 Conclusion and Farewell

Exploring Remote Neurostimulation in Multiple Sclerosis: A Conversation with Drs. Charvet and Pilloni

In this episode of the Neurostimulation Podcast, Dr. Michael Passmore from the University of British Columbia engages with Dr. Leigh Charvet and Dr. Giuseppina Pilloni, who break down their research on remotely supervised transcranial direct current stimulation (RS-tDCS). Their discussion focuses on the feasibility, safety, and real-world applications of home-based neurostimulation treatments for multiple sclerosis (MS), targeting symptoms like fatigue and hand dexterity. They also explore broader implications for the future of personalized and accessible neurorehabilitation and explain the mechanisms and potential of tDCS as a complementary treatment option, extending to areas like depression and addiction. The episode underscores the promise of integrating therapy into the home, providing valuable insights for clinicians, researchers, and individuals living with neurological disorders.

NYU Langone Clinical tDCS Service Program

https://nyulangone.org/care-services/tdcs-program?cid=sem_google&sem_campaign_id=22139905662&sem_ad_group_id=&sem_creative_id=&gad_source=1&gad_campaignid=22139906628&gbraid=0AAAAAC9qk2v7bAhjNaz7bDanP8kgj4JsH&gclid=CjwKCAjwo4rCBhAbEiwAxhJlCTSji-MZmNiT9pziGg86R4hb7Mst8JAEHawsJKYB3-vob28tdL4D0RoC2B0QAvD_BwE

Clinical Research Study: HRV-Guided tDCS: Integrating a Biomarker for Clinical Utility https://clinicaltrials.med.nyu.edu/clinicaltrial/2591/hrv-guided-tdcs-integrating-biomarker/

Clinical Research Study: Home-Based Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) for Depression in Multiple Sclerosis

https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06901687?cond=multiple%20sclerosis%20&intr=tDCS&rank=1

NYU Langone’s Neuromodulation Lab

https://med.nyu.edu/research/charvet-lab/

Publications

https://med.nyu.edu/research/charvet-lab/publications

00:00 Introduction to the Neurostimulation Podcast

02:06 Today's Episode: Remote Supervised tDCS for MS

03:38 Meet the Experts: Dr. Charvet and Dr. Pilloni

04:24 Dr. Charvet's Journey in Neurostimulation

06:18 Dr. Pilloni's Background and Research

08:30 The Importance of Remote Neurostimulation

11:05 Study Design and Methodology

13:11 Results and Implications of the Study

21:18 Challenges and Future Directions

26:50 Exploring Integrated Markers for Treatment Guidance

28:12 The Role of Biomarkers in Depression Studies

30:16 Mechanistic Studies and Brain Perfusion Insights

33:01 Broad Activation and Neuroplasticity

34:09 tDCS as a Complementary Treatment

37:09 Challenges and Safety in Home-Based tDCS

41:12 Accessibility and Future Directions

44:57 Cannabis Use and Neurostimulation

47:52 Closing Thoughts and Future Prospects

51:12 Final Remarks and Podcast Wrap-Up

Neurostimulation Podcast: Self-Care for Caregivers with Jenny Lytle

Welcome to the Neurostimulation Podcast! In this episode, we explore the intersection of neuroscience, clinical neurostimulation, and self-care for caregivers. Host Michael welcomes Jenny Lytle, an experienced hospice nurse and author of 'Self-Care Isn't Selfish.' They discuss Jenny's journey to prioritizing self-care, her BECOMING method, and practical tips to avoid burnout. This episode is perfect for healthcare professionals, caregivers, and anyone interested in improving their mental and emotional well-being.

https://www.selfcareisntselfish.com/

00:00 Introduction to the Neurostimulation Podcast

01:44 Meet Jenny Lytle: A Journey of Self-Discovery

03:00 The Importance of Self-Care for Caregivers

05:18 Balancing Caregiving and Self-Care

12:01 The BECOMING Method: Personalized Self-Care

18:13 Jenny's Book: Self-Care Isn't Selfish

20:43 Personal Reflections and Lessons Learned

24:54 Honoring a Loved One's Memory

25:12 Balancing Caregiving and Self-Care

26:11 Practical Self-Care Tips

27:36 The Power of Gratitude

29:47 Inspiration from Hospice Care

32:08 Faith and Spirituality in Self-Care

40:49 The Journey of Becoming

45:48 Resources and Final Thoughts

48:38 Podcast Conclusion

Deep Dive into Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)

In this episode of the Neurostimulation podcast, Dr. Michael Passmore, clinical associate professor from the University of British Columbia, delves into the intricacies of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS). The discussion covers the basic mechanisms of tDCS, its applications in modulating brain function, and the biological underpinnings of its acute and long-term effects. Dr. Passmore explains how tDCS influences neuronal activity, neuroplasticity, and even the microarchitecture of brain tissue. The episode also explores the clinical implications of tDCS, the importance of personalized treatment, and future research directions aiming to improve the precision and effectiveness of this neuromodulation tool.

00:00 Introduction to the Neurostimulation Podcast

01:32 Exploring tDCS: Basics and Mechanisms

03:28 Acute Effects of tDCS

04:45 Long-term Effects and Neuroplasticity

05:59 Beyond Neurons: Microarchitecture and Network Effects

07:27 Personalized Treatment and Clinical Implications

08:24 Future Directions and Conclusion

09:44 Closing Remarks and Next Episode Teaser