Early mankind was not as commonly depicted—wearing crude loincloths, dragging their knuckles along the ground with protruding foreheads, and communicating in monosyllabic grunts. In fact, it didn’t take long for mankind to make significant advances in nomadic ranching, music, and tools for war, work, and play.

Music Credit: J. S. Bach, “Wir eilen mit schwachen, doch emsigen Schritten,” aria from “Jesu, der du meine Seele,” BWV 78 (Leipzig, 1724).