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Micronutrients are essential vitamins and minerals required in small amounts. The body cannot synthesize most of them and most must be obtained from food. The "micro" refers to the quantity required, not importance. Because the quantities required are minimal, high energy intakes protect against most deficiencies, and adding food variety takes care of just about all micronutrients. However, there are a few common deficiencies in athletes and cases for supplementation (vitamin D, iron, and electrolytes) which I cover in detail.

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Whenever you're ready, there are 4 ways I can help you:

1. ​Book an Intro Consult: This is the next step for athletes who want to work with me 1:1. My coaching is for CrossFit competitors and hybrid athletes who want to see what they're capable of. Once you book, you'll get a link to complete an intake form, which will give me some context before our first meeting. If you decide to hire me, the fee will get put toward your first month of coaching.
2. Training deep dives: Join hundreds of coaches and athletes who have upgraded their training for strength, gymnastics, conditioning and competitive fitness.
3. ​Programming Mentor Meeting: For coaches and athletes who want to get clarity on their training. Know your training priorities, measure meaningful metrics, and make real progress.
4. ​Business Mentor Meeting: For in-person coaches who want to learn how to get online clients.

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While carbs function mainly as a fuel source and scale up as training increases, protein and fat are mainly structural and signaling molecules. The benefits of protein and fat rise dramatically before leveling off at a certain threshold.

Below the minimums is a sort of "multiplying by zero" - you're leaving structure and function on the table.

Above the thresholds is fine in most cases, you're just not getting much additional benefit (with a few exceptions).

Most athletes are already far exceeding the minimums for fat and protein — the problem is they're eating so much of both that carbs get crowded out. This makes it more difficult for them to meet their energy needs, which is highest order.

In this episode, I cover what protein and fat actually do in the body, why the minimums are lower than most people think, and the tradeoffs of exceeding the minimums (including a few simple recommendations for vegan athletes).

Finally we get into fat types — what the research actually says about saturated fat, seed oils, and omega-3s — and what it means to eat an "anti-inflammatory" diet.

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Whenever you're ready, there are 4 ways I can help you:

1. ​Book an Intro Consult: This is the next step for athletes who want to work with me 1:1. My coaching is for CrossFit competitors and hybrid athletes who want to see what they're capable of. Once you book, you'll get a link to complete an intake form, which will give me some context before our first meeting. If you decide to hire me, the fee will get put toward your first month of coaching.
2. Training deep dives: Join hundreds of coaches and athletes who have upgraded their training for strength, gymnastics, conditioning and competitive fitness.
3. ​Programming Mentor Meeting: For coaches and athletes who want to get clarity on their training. Know your training priorities, measure meaningful metrics, and make real progress.
4. ​Business Mentor Meeting: For in-person coaches who want to learn how to get online clients.

Send us Fan Mail

In this episode, I recap the first Xenom in Dallas last weekend. I talk about my experience coaching 6 athletes across 3 divisions, my clients' experience with the equipment, judging and logistics, how Xenom lets you stand shoulder to shoulder with elite athletes and compete in the same events, while also having the global leaderboard that made past CrossFit Opens so appealing. I also talk about training and nutrition for 10 events in 2 days, and how Xenom fits into the fitness competition landscape.

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Energy balance is the most important nutrition consideration in athletes.

In this episode, we cover the physics of energy balance, as well as how gut chemistry determines how many of your gross calories become usable energy.

I break down the carbs vs. fats debate, the 70-75% VO2 max crossover point, how glycogen and blood sugar are the primary fuel substrates for hybrid athletes, as well as one thing nobody talks about (gastric emptying).

I'll also cover how to recognize underfueling before it costs you performance, and best practices I use with my athletes to help them meet their energy needs.

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Body fat % — Elite athlete reference ranges

Men

• Bodybuilder on-stage ~4%
• Elite marathon runner 6–9%
• Pro road cyclist 6–10%
• Elite 100m sprinter 7–10%
• Elite XC skier ~11%
• Elite CrossFit men 11.8% ±2.4
• Elite triathlete men 11.9%
• Elite Olympic weightlifter ~12-13%‡ 
• Bodybuilder off-season ~13%
• Elite powerlifter (lightweight) 12–16%

Women

• Bodybuilder on-stage ~10%
• Elite marathon runner 12–16%
• Pro road cyclist 12–16%
• Elite 100m sprinter 12–16%
• Elite XC skier ~14.2%
• Elite CrossFit women 15.5% ±2.3
• Elite powerlifter (lightweight) ~18–22%
• Elite Olympic weightlifter ~18–22%
• Elite triathlete women ~20%
• Bodybuilder off-season ~21%

‡ Olympic weightlifter data from Katch et al. (1980) used hydrostatic weighing, which typically reads 2–4% lower than DXA. I adjusted up by 2% to approximate DXA values.

Sources: Sauvé et al. 2024 (CrossFit DXA); Chappell et al. 2021 (bodybuilder); ScienceDirect 2021 (cyclist); Marathon Handbook 2026; BMC Sports Science 2024 / Medicina Sportiva 2011 (sprinter); Katch et al. 1980 adjusted (weightlifter); ScienceInsights 2026 (powerlifter); Greek national team (XC ski); multi-study review (triathlete).

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Body fat is not a binary positive or negative. A certain amount is necessary for preserving athlete health - and therefore training consistency and performance.

The optimal body composition is a range that allows for genetic variability - rather than a specific number that all athletes must aim for.

The optimal range for body composition is sport-specific. The demands of each sport select for certain body compositions. For example, swimmers benefit from more body fat than runners. Lifters benefit from more body fat than sprinters.

Most sports include outlier athletes on either side of the optimal range. 

For hybrid sport, the optimal range is likely still being discovered. These sports are young relative to others, and it takes decades to refine best practices. We still see plenty of variability at the start line.

We’re also limited by small sample sizes, which is common when profiling elite athletes. There just aren’t very many of them.

Here are some reasons why I think CrossFit is selecting for these ranges.

A certain body fat allows for sufficient hormonal health for maximal force expression. 

Sprinters are leaner despite their sport also demanding maximal force because the reduced drag is probably worth the tradeoff. Whereas powerlifters and weightlifters carry a bit more body fat because the hormonal advantages are worth the added bodyweight as long as you’re safely inside the weight class.

Along with maximal force expression, CrossFit athletes must train multiple modalities. You have to be able to recover from a high training load.

Cyclists and marathon runners also must recover from high training loads, but they don’t have the demand for maximal force expression.

It’s the combination of both that I think warrants slightly more body fat for hybrid athletes.

Another practical reality in hybrid sport is that you're training with intensity more frequently than most single sport athletes.

This frequent intensity may create a greater demand for recovery than lower intensity training.

Rather than approach fueling as an exact science to dial in the leanest possible physique that allows you to still express some force, I like to have a high degree of confidence the athlete is avoiding a chronic energy deficit. I’d rather have a slight surplus and body fat buffer. 

My approach with my athletes: eat a bit more than you need - even if it means storing a bit more body fat than is absolutely biologically necessary.

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Whenever you're ready, there are 4 ways I can help you:

1. ​Book an Intro Consult: This is the next step for athletes who want to work with me 1:1. My coaching is for CrossFit competitors and hybrid athletes who want to see what they're capable of. Once you book, you'll get a link to complete an intake form, which will give me some context before our first meeting. If you decide to hire me, the fee will get put toward your first month of coaching.
2. Training deep dives: Join hundreds of coaches and athletes who have upgraded their training for strength, gymnastics, conditioning and competitive fitness.
3. ​Programming Mentor Meeting: For coaches and athletes who want to get clarity on their training. Know your training priorities, measure meaningful metrics, and make real progress.
4. ​Business Mentor Meeting: For in-person coaches who want to learn how to get online clients.

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In this episode, we cover the nutrition hierarchy and why some factors are higher order than others. Here's an overview:

1. Consistency
2. Energy
3. Macronutrients
4. Micronutrients
5. Timing
6. Supplements

For each category, we cover underlying biological mechanisms and best practices.

*This is adapted from Dr. Eric Helms’ Muscle and Strength Pyramid with added context for CrossFit competitors and hybrid athletes.

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Whenever you're ready, there are 4 ways I can help you:

1. ​Book an Intro Consult: This is the next step for athletes who want to work with me 1:1. My coaching is for CrossFit competitors and hybrid athletes who want to see what they're capable of. Once you book, you'll get a link to complete an intake form, which will give me some context before our first meeting. If you decide to hire me, the fee will get put toward your first month of coaching.
2. Training deep dives: Join hundreds of coaches and athletes who have upgraded their training for strength, gymnastics, conditioning and competitive fitness.
3. ​Programming Mentor Meeting: For coaches and athletes who want to get clarity on their training. Know your training priorities, measure meaningful metrics, and make real progress.
4. ​Business Mentor Meeting: For in-person coaches who want to learn how to get online clients.

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Fitness competition is more popular than ever.

More people participate in bodybuilding shows, triathlons and hybrid fitness competitions every year.

Of these three categories, hybrid fitness is the fastest growing by a significant margin, largely due to Hyrox's explosive growth.

The 2011 CrossFit Open was the first mass participation, hybrid fitness competition, with 26,000 participants.

Today, hybrid fitness competitions include the CrossFit Open, Hyrox, ATHX, Xenom, DEKA, Turf Games and Wodapalooza. Collectively, participation has grown by over 30x.

The future is bright for fitness.

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Whenever you're ready, there are 4 ways I can help you:

1. ​Book an Intro Consult: This is the next step for athletes who want to work with me 1:1. My coaching is for fitness competitors and hybrid athletes who want to see what they're capable of. Once you book, you'll get a link to complete an intake form, which will give me some context before our first meeting. If you decide to hire me, the fee will get put toward your first month of coaching.
2. Training deep dives: Join hundreds of coaches and athletes who have upgraded their training for strength, gymnastics, conditioning and competitive fitness.
3. ​Programming Mentor Meeting: For coaches and athletes who want to get clarity on their training. Know your training priorities, measure meaningful metrics, and make real progress.
4. ​Business Mentor Meeting: For in-person coaches who want to learn how to get online clients.

Send us Fan Mail

In this episode, I tell stories about the value of coaching.

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Whenever you're ready, there are 4 ways I can help you:

1. ​Book an Intro Consult: This is the next step for athletes who want to work with me 1:1. My coaching is for fitness competitors and hybrid athletes who want to see what they're capable of. Once you book, you'll get a link to complete an intake form, which will give me some context before our first meeting. If you decide to hire me, the fee will get put toward your first month of coaching.
2. Training deep dives: Join hundreds of coaches and athletes who have upgraded their training for strength, gymnastics, conditioning and competitive fitness.
3. ​Programming Mentor Meeting: For coaches and athletes who want to get clarity on their training. Know your training priorities, measure meaningful metrics, and make real progress.
4. ​Business Mentor Meeting: For in-person coaches who want to learn how to get online clients.

Send us Fan Mail

In this episode, we cover:

Terms

• The autonomic nervous system - anatomy and functions
• Autonomic balance
• Sympathetic tone

Types of Exercise and How each Affects Autonomic Balance Acutely and Chronically

• Aerobic exercise (with some key differences between low intensity and medium-high intensity)
• Resistance exercise

The Athlete's Autonomic Nervous System

The Phases of Overtraining

1. Sympathetic overtraining
2. Parasympathetic overtraining

Key Takeaways

The goals of chronic training — from an autonomic nervous system standpoint — are to:

1. deepen resting parasympathetic dominance
2. sharpen the acute sympathetic response to exercise
3. accelerate post-exercise autonomic recovery

HRV monitoring over time is the most accessible tool athletes have to track whether training is achieving those goals or not.

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Whenever you're ready, there are 4 ways I can help you:

1. ​Book an Intro Consult: This is the next step for athletes who want to work with me 1:1. My coaching is for fitness competitors and hybrid athletes who want to see what they're capable of. Once you book, you'll get a link to complete an intake form, which will give me some context before our first meeting. If you decide to hire me, the fee will get put toward your first month of coaching.
2. Training deep dives: Join hundreds of coaches and athletes who have upgraded their training for strength, gymnastics, conditioning and competitive fitness.
3. ​Programming Mentor Meeting: For coaches and athletes who want to get clarity on their training. Know your training priorities, measure meaningful metrics, and make real progress.
4. ​Business Mentor Meeting: For in-person coaches who want to learn how to get online clients.

Send us Fan Mail

In this episode, we discuss the evolution of fitness sport over the last 10-15 years. We cover:

• professionalization - the maturation of the fitness sport ecosystem
• education - understanding of sport-specific demands
• individualization - the coaching industry
• early specialization - pros and cons
• technology

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Whenever you're ready, there are 4 ways I can help you:

1. ​Book an Intro Consult: This is the next step for athletes who want to work with me 1:1. My coaching is for fitness, hybrid and tactical athletes who want to see what they're capable of. Once you book, you'll get a link to complete an intake form, which will give me some context before our first meeting. If you decide to hire me, the fee will get put toward your first month of coaching.
2. Training deep dives: Join hundreds of coaches and athletes who have upgraded their training for strength, gymnastics, conditioning and competitive fitness.
3. ​Programming Mentor Meeting: For coaches and athletes who want to get clarity on their training. Know your training priorities, measure meaningful metrics, and make real progress.
4. ​Business Mentor Meeting: For in-person coaches who want to learn how to get online clients.