Stephen Vantassel here wildlife control consultant. Wanted

to talk today about L.D. 50 and understanding LD 50 as motive. Many of you know

I’m involved in vertebrate control so the role of pesticides to control

vertebrates raises a lot of issues and concerns about the relative toxicity of

some of these toxic loans fume against that are being used to control unwanted

pest vertebrates. So let’s back up a little bit and talk about the relationship

between notions of risk and harm.

Now on another podcast I would kind of been deep in the

notion of risk here, I’m not gonna go as far deep into that as before but I do

want to give you concept to help you understand the difference between

understanding risk and understanding what harm is. Because these are two

different concepts. Risk is the probability or the potential for a negative

event or the probability of harm that something bad is going to happen harm.

The concept of harm is what is the actual effect of that negative

event so risk is the potential.

The likelihood that something bad is going to happen harm is

it is an analysis or discussion of what that actual negative event actually is.

So when we’re talking about LD 50. We really focusing in we’re drilling down on

this notion of harm. What is this. What is the harmful

Effects of this particular toxic and or fumigate or many of

your cases because many of you deal with bugs of this particular pesticide. So

let’s kind of drill into that a little bit now if you’re heard by other podcast

you would have heard me talk about how hazard or risk is exposure times

toxicity.

And so we’re going to be focusing not on the exposures side

but we’re going to be focusing on the toxicity side. That’s that that harm

element of this particular toxicity. How lethal is this particular element. And

even under toxicity we have to be breaking it down a little bit more. Our focus

is going to be on its lethality not the toxicity in terms of its persistence.

That’s a different question. We’re looking at the acute effects of the problem

not the long term effects. Now acute effects are typically defined in pesticide

use as what the effect of a pesticide is that occurs within twenty four hours

Long. The long term effects are beyond 24 hours in some

cases some pesticides may have effects for years. But when we’re dealing with

LV 50s we’re looking at acute toxic effects. All right so let’s kind of talk

about

Understanding relative toxicity. Now L.D. 50 which stands

for Lethal Dose 50 percent it’s symbolized as capital L capital D with a

subscript number of 50 Five 0. That’s typically how it sits it’s so we call it

L.D. 50 Lethal Dose 50 percent. Now what it is it’s a a formulaic way to give a

number to how potentially lethal this particular product is and it’s often

given in the sense of milligrams per kilogram. How much is needed to kill 50

percent of the test subject. So if you have 20 animals how many how much of the

dose at a 50 milligram per kilogram rate do you need to kill 50 percent of those

animals which would be in this case 10 so let’s talk about milligrams and kg so

a milligram is one millionth Of a kilogram. Now if you’re trying to we know

we’re not we don’t really use metric much in the United States but I think

that’s probably changing over time.

Hey folks this is Frank and I’m back. That’s right I’m back on the pest geek podcast,  And in case you’ve been wondering a lot of people been wondering where I’ve been. Well I’ve been right here. I just haven’t been there and I don’t have any of you remember this show for kids. It was called Where in the World is Carmen San Diego. Yeah. I mean where have I been. Well I’ve been building my company learning to recruit and hire people and it would have been a ride for the last three years four years since I started this new company, And I’ll do a little recap for those of you who don’t know who I am because a lot of you don’t listen way back.

I mean we’ve got over two hundred and twenty episodes now of

the pest geek podcast and a lot of you have no idea who I am or where I come

from but I’ve been silent for a year. The podcast has been going thank you to

Jeff McGovern and Stephen Vantassel and Adam Malanga for helping out and

contributing what they have. They’ve done a phenomenal job and they will

continue to do this. And I really do appreciate all of the work they’ve put

into this to make sure and they you know they they’ve captured the vision of

what I want to do where I want to go with this. They have embraced the vision

have supported me have consulted me have given me great advice. They’ve been

there for me so I am surrounded by excellent people who actually have been

doing this all of them probably longer than I have and have in their own right

their own expertise. And that’s why I appreciate that they’re totally different

from me. They’re not me. They’re a totally different people with different

backgrounds different skill sets different abilities and I think that’s what

makes a very very successful team. His not having people who are a copy of me

but experts in their own right. So I am so grateful for that.

But yes I took a year off from the doing an actual producing

a podcast. I’ve been just behind the scenes doing the the distribution and

production work but not doing the actual content creation for the podcast

because my business blew up and I could not handle it anymore to the point

where I had my wife for a year doing preventive service while I was managing

the business doing sales marketing and doing initials and doing the lawn and

garden work that is very extensive.

And I went from working six hours a day in the field to

eight hours a day in the field to 10 hours a day in the field to 12 and 14

hours. I mean I would be out at 7 o’clock in the morning and I’d still be doing

a restaurant at 12:00 midnight. That’s how crazy it got and I had to build a

buffer in order for me to start hiring because it requires a lot of preparation

and knowing that the numbers are gonna be there so that you can make payroll

and for so I you know I took on everything else and put all the GHB preventive

maintenance which is our growing part of our business and handed that over to

her and had her in the field for about six hours a day doing that until I

building a business to start recruiting.The problem here I had was Listen guys.

I didn’t know how to recruit and the way I had done it in

the past

In my previous part of this business which you know this is

this is a brand new rebrand of my old company where we were a landscape company

we were a pull service company we were a property maintenance company we did

anything that the customer needed us to do on that p...

On this edition we’re going to be discussing Trophallaxis.

Now what is Trophallaxis? Well Trophallaxis is actually kind

of a little sick deal that insects have going on. It’s kind of a their own

little secret and well it’s basically when insects take food and they

regurgitated back and feed it to their young or share it among nest mates.

Yeah. And there’s two types of Trophallaxis.

It gets worse because there’s mouth to mouth Trophallaxis

and then there’s mouth to anus Trophallaxis. One is known as stomadeal. The

other is well procodeal the term where we get proctologist which is another

interesting career by itself.

But anyway most eusocial insects are gonna do this habit

they’re going to perform this. Ants roaches bees wasps termites they all

practice this. And this is why it’s more effective sometimes to use baits

rather than sprays to control a lot of these insects.

Let’s look at roaches. Well they transmit it and they regurgitated back to their nymps. If you use a product like within indoxocarb. It’s great because it’ll transmit through the entire system including their feces for up to about four different stages. So this is what helps control roaches by knowing this behavior and have a little bit of different practice but they also practice Trophallaxis and they also practice Trophallaxis by spreading a scent throughout your trail known as a pheromon trail that helps him also identify their mates. So this is one of the ways they also use truffle axes.

In the case of termites,  termites use Trophallaxis to feed it to their

nymphs or their larvae throughout basically the entire colony. And this is why

base stations in the ground to control subterranean termites is so effective.

Now we have bees and wasps. Well not all wasps are bad, but

wasps use Trophallaxis to share pollen that they collect because a lot of wasps

are pollinators and they also have this behavior.

Bees do the same thing bees do it when they bring a load

back of pollen they can use it to transfer from worker to work or mouth to

mouth to transport the pollen.

Well this is a problem because if you’re using sprays in a

landscape where there are bees present you could be contaminating all of the

pollen that’s in the flower and when they’re taken it back they are collapsing

the colony.

Most modern products have label restrictions against

spraying for bees when they are present.

Let’s take a look at this. So here on the EPA Web site this

is a law that was passed that basically all manufacturers had to comply with

this and put this under label if they could prove that the insecticide when

there was sprayed could be transferred back to the colony and kill it in the case

of neonicotinoids.

They’ve been under fire for many years,  including most big box stores have removed

them completely from their shelves. And this is why we do not use in our

practice any spraying with any neonicotinoids because of these challenges. Can

you imagine we go to somebodies lawn or yard and say we can’t spray your yard

today you have bees present.

Well people would lose their mind. So we have to have sound

practices in place to control this. But in this case the label says that new

Steven Vantassel I want to talk to you little about

understanding risk. How do we talk about risk. How do you explain the chances

of something going wrong to your clients who are afraid of what you’re going to

be doing. I think this is one of the most difficult concepts. For pest control

operators or wildlife control operators to discuss with their clients because

the fact is we tend to exalt. The chances of something going wrong when we’re

dealing with something we’re not familiar with. Take for example driving why

does it that people think that driving is safer. Than flying. Even though we’ve

all heard the statistics on since driving is infinitely more dangerous than

flying. But people would rather drive than fly. Why is that. Well part of that

is because. People are more familiar. With driving. Than they are with flying

and so therefore there’s a sense of a loss of control. You have to trust the pilots

up in the front of that plane. And when you don’t understand something you tend

to exaggerate. And exalt the risk. But I also think there’s another element to

it and that is people intuitively understand that when something goes wrong

with a plane. The results tend to be rather catastrophic. You can have a lot of

fender benders and cars and no one’s getting killed. But with a plane when

something goes wrong it can go really wrong.

We have to understand risk as the potential

For how serious the effects are going to be even if those

risks are are my Newt or extraordinarily rare people tend to take less risk

when the consequences are severe. So there’s a psychological component. Let me

back up a little bit and let’s talk about risk. Many of you have probably had

risk explained to you as. Rich as a formula. Sort of like risk equals. The

toxicity times exposure. And that was your understanding of risk and that’s

really a good. Thumbnail way of understanding. What risk is in terms of

explaining to your client that is clearly if you’re using. You know an

herbicide. That’s going to pose possibly less toxic ingredients to a human that

PSA. Then let’s say using a rodent aside or a fume again that may be killing

rodents. And then you’d have to just calculate. What level of exposure is this

person going to have. So we could obviously reduce the risk by making sure the

client’s not home. The item is dry before the client comes back. The reentry

interval and that sort of thing.

But there’s more to risk than simply that because giving

some of those concepts of risk no toxicity. Does your client really understand.

Toxicity. Mean look at all the stuff that’s on the internet now that we’re

poisoning ourselves. You know people are looking at well they found one

billionth. Of a of a percentage of ingredients in something and therefore it’s

contaminated make because the public doesn’t understand that there’s a

difference between

Presence of something and the significance of that presence.

We have chemicals that were exposed to all over the place. The question is not

just whether they’re there but is there. An actual effect or harm that we can

measure. And the reality is a lot of these things is yeah we could find it we

have testing equipment today they can find things down to the billionth. Part

Which is an extremely small amount could. The question is

all right just because we found it. Is it significant. Well that’s like asking

Jeff McGovern the pest coach talks about getting into

termite inspection shape for termite season. With the warm weather hopefully on

the way. I see the weather reports up north and well it doesn’t look like it’s

quite there yet. The ice and snow is still around but I guess as time passes

the next few months everybody will have the joy of doing termite investigations

once again. Course living here in Florida. That’s kind of stuff goes on all

year round. But I don’t normally spend a lot of time in the termite arena. But

I thought I’d make a few comments about that, and about that type of work in

and of itself because it’s physically extremely demanding.

When your older your body doesn’t cooperate very well

And when you’re working in pest control, You know it doesn’t

work well if the body doesn’t cooperate and when you’re involved in doing

assessments and evaluations for termites or what some people call a termite

inspections it beats the living daylights out of the body. But let’s let’s take

a moment and look at this from a far more practical point of view. As we age we

are not as mobile. We are not as supple. Oh yeah there’s some people that are

but you know they all we’re all jealous of them. But the reality is we don’t

work as well. We don’t move as well. And we’re a little bit slower.

So let’s. Just imagine for a moment you’re in your living

room or in your family room and you’ve got work coming up next week and you

know it’s gonna be the first time you crawled around since maybe late last

fall. It’s been a few months. You’ve been sedentary. Yeah. You’ve been doing

some pest control work but the down and dirty grungy crawl under buildings and

scaling through attics and such hasn’t been done for a little while because

it’s just been too cold and too icy. Are you truly in shape for that and how

can we tell. And how can we tell what type of protective equipment we really

should have. You know there was a time. Back in the mid 1970s when I was just

getting started in pest control that I could have crawled under the house and

T-shirt and shorts that would’ve been fine. I was indestructible and could do

anything that is not the case anymore and I have to be far more careful. We all

do. But let’s say you know we’re in the living room in the family room this

weekend and we want to find out just what kind of shape for it. Well hey good

carpeting on the floor.

You know it’s a it’s a nice nice afternoon. I’m going to try

crawling around the living room crawling around family room cutout in your

hands and knees and try that. How comfortable is that. Can you move all right.

The thing is hurt because if they do it’s going to be far more magnified under

the building. Now to find out how good a shape we’re really in. Maybe we should

add a level of difficulty to this task. So most of us have kids and grandkids

they have Legos. So maybe we should go get a bucket of legos randomly scattered

those around the middle of the floor where we’re going to be crawling THEN

LET’S TURN THE LIGHTS OUT. AND LET’S GET A FLASHLIGHT AND NOW LET’S TRY

crawling through that room on our hands and knees and belly crawling with the

Legos and the flashlight. We’re going to find out how good a shape we’re really

in because nothing is more painful than coming down on a lego and you know

what.

Steven Vantassel I will talk today about helping your clients understand when they should you call a wildlife control professional and how to know if the animal is possibly sick or diseased? When is the trigger point on when we as professionals need to act?

Home Owner Pay For Wildlife Control Not The City

Sometimes when clunk customers call and they’re wondering

know they see a raccoon in the backyard and they’re worried about the safety of

the children. Well I used to get a lot of these types of calls when I was doing

fieldwork back in Massachusetts people would call about a raccoon they saw go

through the yard and they were worried about the children so I would give them.

Price the all of the sudden they would say well the children.

Why isn’t the city taking care of this now. Sometimes I ask

them you know aren’t your taxes high enough. And then once they realized that

they had to pay personally for this type of work. The children became magically

safe. So the reality is sometimes that people think something’s a danger if

they think they can get a service done for free. But once they have to pay for

it they realized they didn’t need it. After all.

Animal Are on Your Property All The Time

And the reality is they didn’t that people have to realize

that there are raccoons cruising through their yard. On a probably a regular

basis and they just happen to see one. So just because an animal is out during

the day it’s typically nocturnal doesn’t necessarily mean. That the raccoon or

skunk is necessarily disease could be. But there’s no guarantee of that because

there’s a lot of particular reasons why any animal may be moving around.

For example Female raccoons during the summer sometimes they

get tired of the young and they get hot and they’ll actually come out onto a

tree branch and just hang out. Maybe the female needs to. Go to a new area to

move her young. And sometimes you don’t know if an animal has been disturbed

from its den and its leaving that location in broad daylight not because it

wants to but simply because the conditions that it was under were too

intolerable

It felt threatened and it needed to move on. So the point is

this how do you help people understand when they need to act when is it

appropriate to call a wildlife control professional to come and remove

An animal. This is where we have to get into the issue of

animal behavior. And so a lot of people tend to think that well it’s out during

It’s a nocturnal animal like a raccoon. It’s out during the daytime therefore

it must be rabid not true. And certainly I hope none of the listeners of this

particular podcast. Try to. Exploit that concept that mythology because it’s

simply not true. Now it could be true but there’s no guarantee of that. And

again I gave you some illustrations earlier as to why that would be the case.

Some Clues An Animal Could Be Sick Or Diseased

But there is a situation when an animal is looks like it’s

trembling shaking. Walking in circles. Disoriented. It looks unhealthy by the

way it’s limping perhaps. Excuse me. It may also be a situation where the

raccoon is or the skunk. Is it simply looks like it has crusty Nissen its eyes.

Those are examples of when an animal needs to be removed. By

a professional because it’s probably it’s acting it’s a...

And now for today’s topic a welcome to the pest geek podcast. I am Frank Hernandez your pest geek. And we’re going to be discussing Thigmotactic Insects and what are Thigmotactic Insects? These are insects that like to have their body touching something they’re touchy feely insects they like to feel protected and just like two thirds of their body touching things. Now there are many insects that are Thigmotactic.

Thigmotaxis is the act of touching.

Now these insects include roaches, silverfish firebrats,

rodents even thrips in your landscape will hide in the bark of trees during the

winter to survive. Also these insects will do as in during winter months they

will huddle together to stay warm. So these are many defense mechanism that

insects use one to protect themselves and where they like to live.

Understanding this behavior is going to help you control

insects in a better way than trying to use broadcast methods. For instance if

you know that a German Roach is a Thigmotatic pest and it likes to hide in

places like cracks and crevices. Now think of your kitchen. You have thousands

of cracks and crevices in those cabinets. That’s where they are. And by putting

foggers and using aerosols you’re not going to control that problem because

they’re hiding and protecting themselves even from those pesticides even if

they’re up in the air.

So what you need to do is locate nesting this is why gell

bait putting them directly in the areas where they are finding those locations

getting a flashlight looking for where the roaches are hiding and putting the

product right there in front of their faces is going to be very effective if

you understand this also about roaches.

Where do people go to go get boxes to move when they want to

move.

They go dumpster diving or they go to the local store. Well

what happens is since those insects have those habits cardboard has those

little notches which are the corrugate  and in between those two layers of paper

there’s a corrogate and they love hiding in there so to silverfish so to firebrats

and what happens is they go hide in there you come home you pack all your stuff

you move and you’re moving roaches.

So by not doing that you’re going to go ahead and prevent a

possible roach infestation in your home. Do yourself a favor buy the boxes from

a reputable vendor. All right.

So now what silverfish why is this important to understand

this about silverfish. Well silverfish have this habit too and they’re these

little packets that they’re called Dekko packs which have boric acid in them.

And what happens is since the fish loves to go in that little cardboard they go

in there and they encounter the boric acid. Well if you’ve got silverfish in

your cabinets in your drawers and you’re storing your clothes and you’re

finding them in there you put the little silver fish packs you’re going to

eliminate a major problem with silver fish in those drawers because they’re

gonna find it.

Caulk and Sealing to Prevent Thigmotactic Pests

Also if you understand about caulking and sealing if you

call can then you prevent those pests from having to go in there it’s much

easier to caulk seal your baseboards one time in your life than to constantly

have to apply a pesticide or run those areas because they’re hiding there.

Ok so in this training we’re discussing tramp ants and what

is so important about tramp ants. The fact that these guys are the seven most

common invaders of homes in the U.S. and they have six characteristics that are

primary to understanding why they’re so difficult to control and why it is that

most people fail at it.

Why are they called Tramp ants.

So let’s take a look at this. Why are they called Tramp ants? Well, tramp ants are ants that are going on ships, cargos, and trucks and they move into continents by basically hitchhiking. Because they invade properties and they invade structures so easily they easily hitchhike onboard anything they can find and then they come into our country and they’re known as an exotic invasive. Now what happens is that most people don’t understand insect biology. They don’t understand that these insects all have different behaviors but they got six common characteristics and we’re going to start looking at each and the most common ones that we find in homes so that you can understand if you have one of these ants you’re better be prepared for a different type of tactic.

7 Tramp Ant Species

The first one is the Argentine ant now this and is one of the most difficult I mean these are the seven most difficult and to controlling the world.

They tend to like more of a Mediterranean climate. So you’re

going to find these in an abundance in places like California.

So that’s going to be a big issue of you’re in California

and you’re dealing with these ants. You’ve got to be prepared that your traditional

quarterly service might not be adequate to control these types of species.

Now we’ve got big head ant now over here if you look on the side you see there’s a big headed and most people don’t see this one.

They think they got like fire ants or something that they’re going to get bitten, minor worker are the abundant ones little tiny ones. The major workers are not always out and what happens is when you start being effective and collapsing this entire colony what happens is that these little guys go away you start finding them dead everywhere and then you start seeing these big headed ones more and more. That’s how you know the colonies collapsing because you start seeing the major workers having to come out and work for a living. So go figure.

Now the crazy ant well the crazy ant is known for being crazy because of its sporadic movement, what it does is it walks all over the place really fast into really quick and very sporadic very rarely will you see trails. And it’s also known as the Longhorn crazy ant because of its type of antenna. That’s one of the ways to identify it that you have also a crazy ant. Most people confuse it with the white footed ant because they’re black they tend to look black but the white footed and is a more robust and it’s a very slow moving and it tends to move up and down it doesn’t move across trails on the ground you’re usually going to see it moving up a wall or across a soffitt or fascia board because you have them in the attic and they love to go up they love to go up palm trees up trees everywhere there’s trees they’re going to want to go there they’re, crazy ant doesn’t do that it pretty much goes everywhere crazy and it’s a very difficult and to control.

All right. So we’ve got the ghost ant now and this is a little tiny sucker that’s probably the smallest of them al...

Stephen Vantassel is going to talk today about. House mice. A lot of you are probably dealing with house mice But maybe you’re having situations where you’re just not

getting the level of control that you want. And my suspicion is a part of this

is due to the fact that we don’t have a full appreciation of all of the aspects

and abilities capable of house mice. House mice are amazing creatures. And so

what I found when I give presentations is that a lot of people don’t really

know or don’t really fully appreciate how much physical abilities. Mouse

actually have.

Getting Reacquainted With What House Mice Can Do

So I wanted to give you a little bit of data here. Maybe

some of this will be a refresher for those of you but if that’s the case it’s

never hurts to read get reacquainted with what this mouse can do as well as for

those of you don’t know. And this will be a good start for you to understand

what the mice can do and often what it can’t do.

First let’s talk about climbing abilities they are

exceptional climbers essentially they can climb up any rough surface. So a lot

of times and buildings that have brick exteriors mice are just going to climb

the brick and then where the boards that usually at the top near the soft area

of overlaying the break. You’ll notice that a little gap those gaps caused by

the mortar joint. That that does use to see you put two bricks together but

there’s usually a gap there because it’s usually indented in and the board

doesn’t fill that gap. So a mouse just has to climb the brick squeeze right

underneath that board and voila it’s inside the attic and has its run of the

home. In that situation a commonly overlooked way for mice to get in.

I had a lady from Colorado once give me a ring and said she

had a brand new house. And she said she had mice and called an exterminator the

exterminator came out and did exclusion along the foundation and I said Well

didn’t they tell you that mice climb. And she her answer was mice climb. And

the answer was Absolutely because the exclusion around foundation was

definitely important definitely helped her. But she still had mouse problems.

Why. Because mice climb. Don’t forget that if you’re going to do a true mouse

exclusion and yes, it is possible.

It Is Possible To Do Mouse Exclusion

It is possible if we repeat that it is possible to do a full

mouse exclusion on the structure. Didn’t say it was easy. Just telling you it’s

possible it can be done. You need to go from the peak of the roof all the way

to the ground. So that’s how you got to look at that. So mice can climb any

rough surface. Second what can we call it rope climbing. But they can climb a

10 gauge wire. So that’s a wire. That’s the theory the thinnest wire they’re

going to be able to climb. How good are they at swimming well unlike the Norway

rat the mouse mouth is a very poor swimmer.

So you’ve probably heard many of the stories where people

have created little ramps over buckets full of water and they put some peanut

butter on it and when the mouse gets on it the mouse falls off and falls into

the water in the course and he’s swimming for a while and can’t and can’t get

back out because he drowns. So they are very poor poor swimmers were rats on

the other hand are rather good swimmers for themselves.

Let’s kick around a little bit about bedbugs. You know I’ve

been to a lot of training classes over the last year pretty consistently. And

bedbugs come up all the time because let’s face the reality they’re gonna be

with us for a long long long time. And we’re always looking for solutions we’re

trying to find ways to deal with them. And what I want to talk about today is

maybe a different perspective. On dealing with the situation. Because as I’ve

said in many of my other sessions what we have to bring our clients if we’re

going to hold on to them is peace of mind. And the reality with bedbugs is

really something. And there were some discussions in one of the classes we had

at Baltimore last week at the interstate conference and one of the individuals

on stage that I actually shared the same stage with on altering classes was Dini

Miller and Dini brought up something that I’ve heard many times before but I’m

so glad she said it.

Because it’s the reality of what we’re dealing with and what

she said was. Imagine you’re in a restaurant and a fly buzzes across a table

maybe lands on the edge of your plate. You’re going to wave your hand and make

it go away. Let’s say you’re sitting in that same restaurant and a cockroach is

seen on the wall. Oh my goodness that’s gross and disgusting you’re gonna call

the manager and fuss and maybe get a free meal out of it. However if there’s a

bedbug that maybe crawls across the booth or seen on a person in the building.

Oh my goodness. They’re gonna shut the restaurant down. It’s gonna be on the

news at 6:00. It’s gonna be on the Internet. It’s gonna blow up like crazy and

it’s gonna be nuts.

And the reality is which one of those insects is most likely

to kill you. The fly.

Why The Pest Control Does Very Little To Prevent Pest Introduction?

So maybe what we need to do is educate people a little bit

better on the realities of this creature. This is not the format for that. What

I want to try and do here is just give you a different way to look at things

that may help you. You have to understand you have to get this what our

industry does is prevent infestation. This industry does very little to prevent

introduction

And that’s just the reality because pest pressure is

constant. Oh I know we can rodent proof a building or something like that. But

the reality is we’re structural folks we deal with human habitat we deal with

buildings we deal with transport devices we deal with things that people

occupy. And so what we have to do is make sure pest populations can not infest

those zones. Can we prevent introduction. Well especially with something like

bedbugs how. The next person walking in with all good intention may have just

come from a movie theater and they had their backpack with them and maybe they got

bedbugs in the backpack at the movie theater or in the cube farm that they work

in or at the kid’s daycare center or at the school or they were trying on

clothes at the local department store. Heaven only knows we can’t prevent

introduction. So what we have to do is prepare our clients so they will not get

an infestation. And the way you do that is informing yourself about the way

these insects work. Now let’s take a look at a treatment scenario.

Teaching Quick And Dirty Bedbug Inspection