Khenpo Sherab Sangpo, Spiritual Director of Bodhicitta Sangha | Heart of Enlightenment Institute, teaches on the Four Outer Preliminaries that are part of the Ngöndro Preliminary Practices. The foundational practices of Ngöndro begin with a series of four contemplations that ask the meditator to recognize:

1. Uniqueness and opportunity of human life
2. Ever-presence and deeper meaning of impermanence and death
3. Infallibility of the cause and effect of our actions, karma
4. Repetitive cycle of frustration and suffering that is samsara

These contemplations are the four thoughts that turn the mind towards the Dharma.

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This episode can be seen on Youtube.