The Melville Castle, turned Vryheid, had already made many long hard voyages when she was bought to bring soldiers to the Batavian Republic’s colonies on the Cape and Jakarta. It was soon found that she had passed inspection by putting copper and paint over rot however, and what should have been a long voyage only lasted a couple of days, with a horrible cost of life.

Ship Name: Vryheid

Nationality: Batavian Republic

Tonnage: 990

Year Built: 1786

Ship Type: East Indiaman

Wrecked: 1802

Reason for Wreck: Struck Dymchurch Sea Wall in a Storm

Location Wrecked: Kent, Great Britain

Lives Lost: 454

Sources:

http://www.mariners-l.co.uk/EICf-n.htm

https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=883663&resourceID=19191

https://www.waterlooassociation.org.uk/2019/10/06/the-grand-old-duke-of-york/#:~:text=In%20the%20Helder%20Campaign%2C%201799,supposed%20rebellion%20against%20said%20Republic.

https://romneymarshhistory.com/dymchurchwall

https://books.google.com/books?id=QEJWAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA3&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=3#v=onepage&q&f=false

https://www.britannica.com/event/Treaty-of-Amiens-1802

https://original-ufdc.uflib.ufl.edu/UF00002045/00001/pdf?search=melville+castle

https://www.britannica.com/place/Batavian-Republic#ref126469

https://books.google.com/books?id=AUo9AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA60&lpg=PA60&dq=vryheid+shipwreck+melville+castle&source=bl&ots=KaByOFqSAU&sig=ACfU3U0thf15S9soJ1PWfqHKHzevt2ejfQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi7_e-Giqn7AhWGk4kEHS7TBpk4FBDoAXoECCMQAw#v=onepage&q=vryheid%20shipwreck%20melville%20castle&f=false

The L C Waldo was one of many ships that were stuck on the Great Lakes by the 1913 storm. The storm has several nicknames, including the White Hurricane. Many of the men who survived the storm would simply call it the worst storm they had ever seen. As for the men of the L C Waldo, they would say it was a very close call.

Ship Name: L C Waldo

Nationality: United States

Ship Type: Steel Hulled Steam Cargo Freighter

Tonnage: 4244

Wrecked: 1913

Reason for Wreck: The Storm of 1913

Location Wrecked: Lake Superior

Lives Lost: None

Sources:

Ghost Ships of the Great Lakes by Dwight Boyer, (Dodd, Mead 1968)

True Tales of the Great Lakes by Dwight Boyer (Freshwater Press Inc 1971)

Wreck Ahore by Frederick Stonehouse (Lake Superior Port Cities Inc 1994)

So Terrible a Storm by Curt Brown (Voyageur Press 2008)

https://www.twincities.com/2015/11/08/with-edmund-fitzgerald-in-mind-scientists-confirm-rogue-waves-on-lake-superior/

https://www.greatlakesvesselhistory.com/histories-by-name/w/waldo-l-c

https://www.weather.gov/news/131107-white#:~:text=Nicknamed%20the%20%E2%80%9CWhite%20Hurricane%2C%E2%80%9D,ships%20lost%2C%20in%20U.S.%20history.

https://www.michigansthumb.com/news/article/Upside-down-Divers-historian-may-have-solved-17558756.php

https://greatlakes.bgsu.edu/item/440496

https://www.lakesuperior.com/the-lake/great-lakes/frozen-fury-the-1913-white-hurricane/

https://www.mlive.com/entertainment/2018/11/daring_rescue_saved_sailors_en.html

https://www.stantontownship.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Gold-Medal-rescue-on-the-Waldo.pdf

La Bourgogne was a story that seemed to overturn every idea of Victorian gallantry, and it horrified the reading public with its brutality. That the ship had sank in a matter of half an hour was not enough to explain its high mortality, but that was swiftly clarified by the surviving passengers, who began to tell of a murderous fight as the ship sank beneath the waves.

Ship Name: La Bourgogne

Nationality: French

Built: 1886

Tonnage: 7395

Ship Type: Steamer, Passenger Ocean Liner

Sank: 1898

Reason For Sinking: Collision with Cromartyshire

Lives Lost: 549

Sources:

https://books.google.com/books?id=otg2AQAAMAAJ&pg=RA6-PA24#v=onepage&q&f=false

https://www.mycentraljersey.com/story/news/local/view-from-hillsborough/2016/07/06/central-jerseys-hero-of-the-bourgogne-2/86742726/

https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/84634505?searchTerm=La%20Bourgogne%20shipwreck

https://openjurist.org/210/us/95/george-deslions-v-la-compagnie-generale-transatlantique

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/4703642/550-perish/

https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/sable-island-shipwrecks-at-the-graveyard-of-the-atlantic-1.2755063

https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn84031792/1896-03-01/ed-1/?dl=all&sp=2&st=text&r=-0.114,0.155,0.511,0.65,0

https://www.coloradohistoricnewspapers.org/cgi-bin/colorado?a=d&d=ADT18980707.2.1&e=-------en-20--1--img-txIN%7ctxCO%7ctxTA--------0------

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20531882/la-bourgogne-sinking-the-philadelphia/

https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1898/07/09/102088893.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0

http://www.oceantreasures.org/pages/content/shipwrecks-stories/the-collision-and-foundering-of-la-bourgogne.html

https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=SDU18980709.2.34&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------1

https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1898/07/07/102117503.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0

Ship Name: Yasaka Maru 

Nationality: Japanese 

Tonnage: 11758 

Built: 1914 

Ship Type: Steel Steamer 

Sank: 1915 

Location Sank: 60 Miles for Port Said Egypt 

Reason For Sinking: Torpedo 

Lives Lost: None 

Sources: https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/238766438?searchTerm=yasaka%20maru https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1915/12/25/100183843.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0 https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1915/12/24/104660252.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0 https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/212813534?searchTerm=yasaka%20maru https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/maltribune19160229-1.2.82.0 https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/109923951?searchTerm=yasaka%20maru https://uboat.net/wwi/boats/successes/u38.html https://uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/6586.html https://uboat.net/wwi/men/commanders/373.html https://issuu.com/maxshow/docs/8-2019__med1 https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/data/batches/dlc_ghana_ver01/data/sn84026749/00280764942/1915122501/0356.pdf https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/131452243?searchTerm=yasaka%20maru https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/address-to-congress-declaration-of-war-against-germany https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/191116542?searchTerm=yasaka%20maru https://books.google.com/books?id=qxRDAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA338&lpg=PA338&dq=yasaka+maru&source=bl&ots=pwsnWI4k1M&sig=ACfU3U1m0YuOPfjY5FRoEzt661zYM3uqaA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwip9Z6zxo37AhWnk4kEHWBjAj04FBDoAXoECBQQAw#v=onepage&q=yasaka%20maru&f=false https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lusitania-British-ship https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/239911?journalCode=jmh https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/data/batches/dlc_eastern_ver01/data/sn83045433/00237288828/1915122401/0406.pdf https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=SJMN19151224.2.3&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------1 https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/194990360?searchTerm=yasaka%20maru https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/singfreepressb19170227-1.2.37?ST=1&AT=advanced&DF=&DT=&NPT=&L=English&CTA=Article&SortBy=Oldest&K=Shipwreck&KA=Shipwreck&P=25&QT=shipwreck&oref=article

John Greenleaf Whittier wrote “wise sound skippers, though skies be fine, Reef their sails when they see the sign, of the blazing wreck of the Palatine”. There was no ship, The Palatine, however. Instead there was a ship of Palatine immigrants called the Princess Augusta, lost to time, and only remembered as a glimmer on the sea.

Ship Name: Princess Augusta

Nationality: English

Built: 1720

Tonnage: 200 Tons

Sank: 1738

Location Sank: Block Island, Rhode Island

Reason for Sinking: Hit sand bar in a storm

Lives Lost: Over 300 over the space of the voyage, exact number unknown.

Sources:

The Story of the Palatines: An Episode in Colonial History, By Sanford Hoadley Cobb

A History of Block Island, By Samuel Truesdale Livermore

Block Island Map and Guide, By Samuel Truesdale Livermore

http://archive.boston.com/news/local/rhode_island/articles/2004/12/20/legend_of_18th_century_ship_still_haunts_block_island/?page=2

https://nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/sffaudio-usa/mp3s/GhostsOfTheSeaByT.C.Bridges.pdf

https://www.gutenberg.org/files/6615/6615-h/6615-h.htm#link2H_4_0164

https://ia600500.us.archive.org/35/items/legendssuperstit00bass/legendssuperstit00bass.pdf

http://www.poetryatlas.com/poetry/poem/859/the-palatine.html

https://loyolanotredamelib.org/php/report05/articles/pdfs/Report40Wust21-56.pdf

https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Pall_Mall_Magazine/CAPOAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1

The Forfarshire, it would later be acknowledged, had been in too poor repair to be sailing, and the decision to try to reach her destination had proved to be deadly. The lives lost and the stories of those who had survived would all be immediately overshadowed by a public who only wanted to know about one person however. They wanted to know all about the lighthouse keeper’s daughter, Grace Darling. Overnight her life would be turned upside-down.

Ship Name: Forfarshire

Launched: 1836

Ship Type: Side Paddle Steamer

Nationality: United Kingdom

Tonage: 450

Sank: 1838

Reason For Sinking: Struck rocks in storm due to failing engine

Lives Lost: Not a certain number, estimated 43

Sources:

http://www.gracedarling.co.uk/index.html

https://books.google.com/books?vid=03R4BN5-_p7leh7HdJ&id=j5FNfdZ8QwcC&pg=RA1-PA138&lpg=RA1-PA138&dq=Forfarshire&as_brr=1#v=onepage&q=Forfarshire&f=false

https://archive.org/details/tragedyseasorso00ellmgoog/page/n11/mode/1up

http://www.mcgonagall-online.org.uk/gems/grace-darling-or-the-wreck-of-the-forfarshire

https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/23295/pg23295-images.html#chap11

https://www.irishtimes.com/news/grace-darling-poetic-heroine-1.83730

https://www.bbc.co.uk/legacies/myths_legends/england/tyne/article_3.shtml

https://www.sailing-by.org.uk/grace-darling-wreck-forfarshire-1838/

https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/topics/grace-darling

https://digital.nls.uk/chapbooks-printed-in-scotland/archive/104185723#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0&xywh=-903%2C0%2C3226%2C2392

Ship Name: Crete-a-Pierrot 

Tonnage: 950 

Ship Type: Steam Powered Gunboat 

Nationality: Haitian 

Built: 1895 

Sank: 1902 

Reason For Sinking: Deliberate explosion to prevent capture 

Lives lost: Put anywhere from 1-4 depending on source. 

Sources: https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/19184534 https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1902/09/08/108288933.html?pageNumber=1 https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/19184534 https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1902/07/27/117980052.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0 https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1902/09/11/118478751.pdf https://books.google.com/books?id=lkEYGu5vlcoC&pg=PA77&lpg=PA77&dq=crete-a-pierrot+gunboat+german&source=bl&ots=_ct6SL6z7y&sig=ACfU3U2s5u3_T6ZnGLrdIn4G5Mraa-PJ4w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiz8uj5-Nb6AhV3kokEHTNjBDM4HhDoAXoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=crete-a-pierrot%20gunboat%20german&f=false https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1902/09/09/101283392.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0 https://www.coloradohistoricnewspapers.org/?a=d&d=CFT19020908-01.2.5&e=-------en-20--1--img-txIN%7ctxCO%7ctxTA--------0------ https://virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=RD19020909.1.3&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------- https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/imageserver/newspapers/P29pZD1BRzE5MDIxMjA2JmdldHBkZj10cnVl http://islandluminous.fiu.edu/part07-slide02.html http://www.caribbeanelections.com/knowledge/biography/bios/alexis_nord.asp https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1943/09/26/83943947.html?pageNumber=201 https://www.caribbean-beat.com/issue-147/the-luders-affair#axzz7hbfc3QYG https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/singfreepresswk19020911-1.2.15 http://islandluminous.fiu.edu/part07-slide10.html https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1902/d653

The Minora went down quickly, giving no time for the seven men on her to prepare. Six of them were strong swimmers, but the captain did not know how to swim at all. It was therefore a wonder when the schooner the Advance brought him into Newcastle, and he told the tale of having been in the water for almost twenty four hours. He was weak, suffering from shock and exposure, but he was coherent and able to tell his story. He was also able to point the finger at another vessel, saying that they had been left to die.

Ship Name: Minora

Ship Type: Wood Sailing Brig

Year Built: 1867

Tonnage: 249

Nationality: Australian

Year Sank: 1898

Reason for Sinking: Never conclusively determined, took on water at her bow, sank quickly.

Lives Lost: 6

Sources:

https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/14143690

https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/3664094

https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/89465256/9092370

https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/3192759

https://passengers.history.sa.gov.au/node/931888

https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NEM18980228.2.19.2.2

https://media.australian.museum/media/dd/Uploads/Documents/33294/AMS587_40_Waite%20Diary%2043.6d6374a.pdf

https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/14158112

The Connaught was the height of luxury travel for her first class passengers, and a way to start a new life in a new country for the many immigrants that boarded her in Galway, bound for Boston. A new ship only on her second voyage, and the second largest ship on the ocean, her passengers could be justified in thinking that they had chosen wisely for the safest and most comfortable voyage possible. When a terrible storm hit them however, their voyage would turn into a daring rescue mission.

Ship Name: SS Connaught

Nation of Origin: United Kingdom

Tonnage: 2,959

Launched: 1860

Sank: 1860

Location Sank: 100 Miles from Boston

Reason For Sinking: Caught Fire During a Storm

Lives Lost: None

Sources:

https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20160210-inside-the-hunt-for-a-million-dollar-haul-of-ocean-gold

https://www.marinelink.com/news/endurance-appointed380301

https://www.offshore-energy.biz/endurance-finds-shipwreck-of-s-s-connaught/

http://www.tynebuiltships.co.uk/C-Ships/connaught1860.html

https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1860/10/10/77869905.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0

https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2014/11/05/680158/10106506/en/Endurance-Exploration-Appointed-Custodian-of-the-S-S-Connaught.html

https://oceanlinersmagazine.com/2014/10/03/connaught-wreck-discovered/

https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1860/10/10/77869927.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0

https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1860/10/11/77870000.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0

https://gizmodo.com/wreck-of-the-s-s-connaught-discovered-off-the-coast-o-1642205479

When the Ertugrul set out she was an aging ship beset with troubles. She had an important task ahead of her however, she was to cement ties between the Ottomans and Japan, bringing a diplomatic party on board, as well as gifts from the Sultan to the Emperor of Japan. Though her voyage was full of problems she would succeed in her mission, only to never make it back to Istanbul again.

Ship Name: Ertugrul

Launched: 1864

Ship Type: Wooden Steam Frigate

Tonnage: 2344

Nationality: Ottoman

Sank: Oshima Island, Japan

Year Sank: 1890

Reason for Sinking: Struck Rocks in a Typhoon

Lives Lost: Between 550 and 600

Sources:

https://web.archive.org/web/20040317100032/http://www.turkjapan2003.org/rel/ertugrul.htm

https://www.dailysabah.com/cinema/2015/12/25/125-years-of-friendship-revived-at-turkish-premiere-of-ertugrul-1890

https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/ertugrul-frigate-symbol-of-turkish-japanese-friendship-158307

https://www.news2sea.com/131-years-have-passed-since-the-sinking-of-the-ertugrul-frigate/

https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/ertugrul-frigate-tragedy-laid-foundations-of-strong-relations-between-turkiye-japan/2686970

https://www.nippon.com/en/behind/l00127/

https://www.mfa.gov.tr/data/enformasyon/brief-story-of-ertugrul-frigate.pdf

https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/2019/09/16/ertugrul-a-tragedy-that-boosted-the-bonds-between-turkey-and-japan

https://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-japan.en.mfa

https://nauticalarch.org/projects/ertugrul-ottoman-frigate-excavation/

https://web.ua.es/en/actualidad-universitaria/2016/diciembre16/1-11/university-of-alicante-reveals-the-history-of-frigate-ertugrul-an-ottoman-wreck-sunk-off-japan-in-1890.html

https://trdergisi.com/en/commemoration-of-the-ertugrul-frigate-on-its-125th-anniversary/

https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/1972/november/old-navy-loss-turkish-frigate-ertugrul