Goldman Sachs' July 31 research reveals Apple's Q3 beat across metrics: EPS $1.57 vs est. $1.43, revenue $940B with iPhone at $446B significantly exceeding forecasts. Key inflection: Services growth accelerated to 13% with 75.6% gross margin, second-highest on record. Goldman maintains Buy rating, $251 target on 30x NTM PE. Core thesis: Services to drive majority of gross profit growth over next five years, "Apple-as-a-Service" model taking shape, ecosystem resilience offsetting hardware cyclical headwinds. Key risks: weakening consumer demand, supply chain disruption, intensified competition.