I recently came across a book that's been out for over 10 years by an exceptional and tenacious researcher and an engaging writer, Lodewijk Petram. His book, The World's First Stock Exchange, might be the first to explore how early investors first bought and traded shares of the VOC of this next stock exchange.

The founding of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) in 1602 marked the beginning of Amsterdam’s rise from a modest market town to a global financial powerhouse. The Company’s introduction of easily transferable shares quickly led to active trading, with investors exchanging them within days. Before long, the public was engaging in complex financial maneuvers—ranging from forwards and futures to options and bear raids. By 1680, the Amsterdam market had developed techniques as advanced as those used in modern finance, topics we explore in this conversation with Lodewijk.