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Thanks to Melody for coming back on the podcast to tie up some loose ends re: the COPD episode.

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References:

Bonilla Arcos D, Krishnan JA, et al. High-Dose Versus Low-Dose Systemic Steroids in the Treatment of Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Systematic Review. Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis. 2016 Feb 17;3(2):580-588.

Fawzy A, Wise RA. Pulse Oximetry Misclassifies Need for Long-Term Oxygen Therapy in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2023 Nov;20(11):1556-1557.

Goldberg P, Reissmann H, Maltais F, Ranieri M, Gottfried SB. Efficacy of noninvasive CPAP in COPD with acute respiratory failure. Eur Respir J. 1995 Nov;8(11):1894-900.

Jennifer T. Thibodeau, Mark H. Drazner. The Role of the Clinical Examination in Patients With Heart Failure,JACC: Heart Failure, Volume 6, Issue 7, 2018, Pages 543-551.

Kartal M, Goksu E, Eray O, et al. The value of ETCO2 measurement for COPD patients in the emergency department. Eur J Emerg Med. 2011 Feb;18(1):9-12.

Ni, H., Aye, S., Naing, C. Magnesium sulfate for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 May 26; 2022(5):CD013506.

Pertzov, B., Ronen, M., Rosengarten, D. et al. Use of capnography for prediction of obstruction severity in non-intubated COPD and asthma patients. Respir Res 22, 154 (2021).

Pu X, Liu L, Feng B, Wang M, Dong L, Zhang Z, Fan Q, Li Y, Wang G. Efficacy and Safety of Different Doses of Systemic Corticosteroids in COPD Exacerbation. Respir Care. 2021 Feb;66(2):316-326.

Tyagi D, Govindagoudar MB, et al. Correlation of PaCO2 and ETCO2 in COPD Patients with Exacerbation on Mechanical Ventilation. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2021 Mar;25(3):305-309.

van Gestel AJ, Steier J. Autonomic dysfunction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). J Thorac Dis. 2010 Dec;2(4):215-22. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2010.02.04.5.

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Thanks to Adam from "Dialed Medics" for coming onto the podcast and talking about EMS education. Follow them on social media @dialedmedics.

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Lavery MD, Aulakh A, Christian MD. Benefits of targeted deployment of physician-led interprofessional pre-hospital teams on the care of critically Ill and injured patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2025 Jan 6;33(1)

Other Citations:

Fukuda T, et al.. Association of Prehospital Advanced Life Support by Physician With Survival After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest With Blunt Trauma Following Traffic Collisions: Japanese Registry-Based Study. JAMA Surg. 2018 Jun 20;153(6)

Garner et al.. The Head Injury Retrieval Trial (HIRT): a single-centre randomised controlled trial of physician prehospital management of severe blunt head injury compared with management by paramedics only. Emerg Med J. 2015 Nov;32(11)

Den Hartog et al.. Survival benefit of physician-staffed helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) assistance for severely injured patients. Injury. 2015;46(7)

Hesselfeldt R,et al.. Impact of a physician-staffed helicopter on a regional trauma system: a prospective, controlled, observational study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2013 May;57(5):

Lyons J, et al. Impact of a physician - critical care practitioner pre-hospital service in Wales on trauma survival. Anaesthesia. 2021 Nov;76(11)

Maddock A, et al. Prehospital critical care is associated with increased survival in adult trauma patients in Scotland. Emerg Med J. 2020 Mar;37(3):141-145.

Moors XRJ, et al. A Physician-Based Helicopter Emergency Medical Services Was Associated With an Additional 2.5 Lives Saved per 100 Dispatches of Severely Injured Pediatric Patients. Air Med J. 2019 Jul-Aug;38(4)

Yeguiayan JM, et al. Medical pre-hospital management reduces mortality in severe blunt trauma. Crit Care. 2011;15(1)

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References:

Gutierrez, E. (2023). The Vasopressor & Inotrope Handbook: A Practical Guide for Healthcare Professionals.

Hu W, Wang X, Su G. Infective endocarditis complicated by embolic events: Pathogenesis and predictors. Clin Cardiol. 2021 Mar;44(3):307-315. doi: 10.1002/clc.23554. Epub 2021 Feb 1. PMID: 33527443; PMCID: PMC7943911.

Marik PE, Farkas JD. The Changing Paradigm of Sepsis: Early Diagnosis, Early Antibiotics, Early Pressors, and Early Adjuvant Treatment. Crit Care Med. 2018 Oct;46(10):1690-1692. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000003310. PMID: 30216303.