For most of church history, Christians have confessed the doctrine of divine simplicity—the teaching that God is not composed of parts. But what does this mean, and why does it matter? In this episode, Anthony Alberino explores the profound connection between God’s simplicity and His unity. We’ll see why the classical tradition insists that God is not only without physical parts but also without metaphysical or even logical parts. Unlike creatures—composites of act and potency, essence and existence—God is utterly uncomposed. Because composed beings are dependent beings, only a God who is absolutely simple can be the uncaused, necessary, and independent source of all reality. From here, Anthony shows how divine simplicity grounds divine unity:

• Simplicity means that God not composed of parts and that all that is in God is God. His attributes are not distinct “parts” but are identical with His essence—and thus with each other.
• Unity follows because an absolutely simple being cannot, even in principle, be divided. God is not one member of a class called “deity,” but the one and only subsistent Being itself.

Along the way, we’ll consider why the attributes of God—wisdom, love, justice, power—are distinct in our minds but perfectly identical in God’s essence, using the analogy of white light refracted through a prism. We’ll also see how divine simplicity marks the sharp metaphysical divide between Creator and creature, and why this doctrine has been central to Christian theology throughout the centuries. Finally, we touch on the connection between divine simplicity and the doctrine of the Trinity, and why classical theology maintains that distinction within God does not imply composition. If you’re seeking to understand why divine simplicity has been called “the bedrock of classical theism,” this episode is for you.

• 📺 Watch next: https://youtu.be/tuUf7VCTGfM, https://youtu.be/LeyRhQD7IWQ

At the very heart of classical theism stands the doctrine of Divine Aseity—the truth that God exists a se, “from Himself.” Unlike all created beings who are contingent, dependent, and derived, God alone is self-existent, self-sufficient, and uncaused. He is the ultimate explanation of His own being, the First Cause, and the ground of all reality. In this video, Anthony Alberino explores the rich meaning of divine aseity—both its negative aspect (God’s ontological independence: uncreated, uncaused, underived) and its positive aspect (God as pure actuality, the ultimate reality upon which all else depends).

We’ll examine:

• Why divine aseity means God is a necessary being that cannot fail to exist.
• The common misunderstanding behind the skeptic’s question, “What caused God?” -
• Why God is the explanation of His own existence (not His own cause).
• Aquinas’ profound insight that God is not composed of act and potency but is Pure Act, whose very essence is existence—I AM WHO I AM.

By unpacking this doctrine, we see why God is not just another being among beings, but Being Itself Subsisting—the transcendent source of all that is.

If you want to go deeper into classical Christian theology and understand how divine aseity illuminates the uniqueness of God’s nature, this teaching is for you.

In this episode, Anthony Alberino and Andrew Payne critically interact with one of the most popular and philosophically sophisticated attempts to reconcile God’s sovereignty with human libertarian freedom: Molinism. We’ve already considered the Thomistic “Dual Sources” view with Dr. Matthews Grant, and in the last episode we examined Open Theism. Now, we look at Molinism — a view originating with the 16th-century Jesuit Luis de Molina and defended today by leading philosophers such as Alvin Plantinga, William Lane Craig, and Thomas Flint. Molinism hinges on the idea of middle knowledge: God’s knowledge of what any possible free creature would do in any possible circumstance. By appealing to middle knowledge, Molinists argue that God can sovereignly order the world while preserving genuine human freedom.

In this discussion, we:

• Explain Molina’s distinction between natural knowledge, middle knowledge, and free knowledge.
• Show how middle knowledge is supposed to secure both meticulous providence and libertarian free will.
• Explore why Molinism has been attractive to many theologians and philosophers, particularly within Arminian circles.
• Critically engage key challenges to Molinism, including the grounding objection, the tension with libertarian freedom, and problems related to divine aseity, simplicity, and sovereignty.
• Compare Molinism with both Open Theism and classical theism to see whether it truly resolves the tension between divine providence and human agency.

Does Molinism succeed where other views fail? Or does it compromise God’s ultimacy and the very nature of freedom? Join us as we unpack and critically examine this influential theological model.

In this in-depth conversation, Anthony Alberino and Andrew Payne tackle a theological proposal that has gained traction among some evangelicals: Open Theism. This view seeks to solve the long-debated tension between divine sovereignty and human freedom by rethinking the nature of God and especially his relationship to time and his knowledge of future free acts. Anthony and Andrew first explain the core claims of Open Theism, including its approach to divine foreknowledge and human choice. They then offer an extended critique, exploring its biblical, philosophical, and doctrinal implications—and why they believe it ultimately fails to provide a faithful solution to the sovereignty–freedom puzzle. Topics covered in this video:

• What is Open Theism?
• Why some evangelicals are attracted to it
• How it addresses the tension between God’s sovereignty and human freedom
• Key philosophical, theological, and biblical objections
• Why Anthony and Andrew believe a better solution exists

If you’ve ever wrestled with how God’s sovereignty works alongside genuine human choices, or if you’ve encountered Open Theism and want to understand it critically, this conversation is for you.

When it comes to the question of divine and human agency, the prevailing view among Christian theologians and philosophers (not to mention Christian laypeople) is that it is zero sum game. In other words, the more agency God exercises over the human will, the less agency the human has. It seems like we have to make a choice here. We have to either choose to uphold God’s universal causality and diminish human freedom or choose to uphold human freedom and diminish God’s causality. But, in his book Free Will and God’s Universal Causality, Dr. W. Matthews Grant denies that such a choice has to be made. Dr. Grant argues that by embracing a Dual Sources Account, we can resolve the conflict between human freedom divine causality without diminishing either. In this episode of Think for Christ, Dr. W. Matthews Grant joins Anthony Alberino to talk about divine causation and human freedom and the Dual Sources Account.

• Amazon link to Dr. Grant's book: https://www.amazon.com/Free-Will-Gods-Universal-Causality/dp/1350203653/ref=sr_1_1?crid=3LU8U1F0F33LA&dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.yPOEXNqMWQnSZ0anoQnRHA.9BVmBQGe7yInHlYeBwTy1HwtgZGKH8ZaTyRuBDJVxLE&dib_tag=se&keywords=free+will+and+god%27s+universal+causality&qid=1754063323&sprefix=free+will+and+God%27s+univeral%2Caps%2C119&sr=8-1
• Link to the paper mentioned in the episode: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11406-024-00790-w

In this video, Anthony Alberino presents a basic argument against the idea that machines—no matter how advanced—can actually think or possess understanding. Drawing from philosopher Edward Feser's 2024 book Immortal Souls: A Treatise on Human Nature, Alberino examines why understanding the nature of a computer is the key to seeing why Artificial Intelligence can only ever simulate or mimic human intelligence.

In recent years, an old and largely discarded view of Christ’s atonement has been quietly resurfacing on the internet. Known historically as the Ransom Theory (or the Ransom from Satan Theory) this idea suggests that Jesus died as a payment to Satan in order to free humanity from his grasp. According to this view, as a result of Adam's sin, Satan was given legal and rightful authority over the lost souls of humans. Since Satan had rightful claim, God could not simply exercise his power over him and instead offered the soul of Christ in exchange for the those in captivity to Satan. In this video, Anthony Alberino traces the emergence of the Ransom Theory from its early roots in the Church Fathers to its imaginative retelling in modern times by C.S. Lewis in his The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe. Alberino then a biblical critique of the view and makes the case that the Ransom Theory should remain a relic of the past. What you'll learn:

• What the Ransom Theory is and where it came from
• Why it fails as a biblically faithful theory of the atonement
• How Christ and the New Testament writers understood the atonement
• The real meaning of the words ransom and redemption as deployed in the New Testament

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In this compelling conversation, James Dolezal returns to Think for Christ with Anthony Alberino to explore the classical doctrine of the Trinity. For centuries, divine simplicity was considered essential to maintaining a truly monotheistic understanding of the Christian God—Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. But in modern Protestant theology, the neglect of this doctrine has led to confusion and, in many cases, a drift toward tri-theism. Dr. Dolezal explains why recovering the classical view—especially as articulated by Thomas Aquinas—is critical for upholding both the unity of God and the real distinction of the Persons within the Trinity. Together, they unpack the errors of social trinitarianism and make the case for a return to principled, historic Christian theology.

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• 📖 Topics covered: What is divine simplicity and why is it so important to uphold? Why is divine simplicity necessary to maintain a principled monotheism? How has the doctrine of simplicity regulated formulations of the Trinity historically? Does social trinitarianism tend toward tri-theism? How does Aquinas formulate a doctrine of the Trinity that upholds divine simplicity and the real distinction among the Persons?

Is the universe bereft of meaning, goodness, and purpose? Has modern science revealed to us our ultimate cosmic insignificance? According to the intellectual vision of cosmological nihilism, the answer to these questions is yes. What is the nature of this view? What motivates it? And how has it come to form the background image of Western society? Philosopher Dr. Brian Kemple joins Anthony Alberino to talk about the bleak specter of cosmological nihilism and the need for a true philosophical turn to regain our metaphysical sanity and to reorient our intellectual vision so that we can once again behold the cosmic order and our place within it.

• Link to the Lyceum Institute: https://lyceum.institute
• Link to REALITY Journal: https://realityjournal.org
• Link to purchase Brian's book Introduction to Philosophical Principles: https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Philosophical-Principles-Physics-Person/dp/B0B92H8ZWN/ref=sr_1_1?crid=1H927YZY69XRB&dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.L76oOvaRuff6LZl6gYpj_a2-1b4_KLTiGVv28Eii-z8.97IXMcaGQUycrDyQwcefez-gbTOnl8Pf7pGj_jRp4OQ&dib_tag=se&keywords=introduction+to+philosophical+principles%2C+kemple&qid=1751135840&sprefix=introduction+to+philosophical+principles%2C+kemple%2Caps%2C116&sr=8-1

What does it mean to say that God is without passions? Why does it matter? In this thought-provoking episode of Think for Christ, Dr. James Dolezal joins Anthony Alberino to explore the vital doctrine of divine impassibility. Together, they dive deep into questions like: Does God feel emotions the way we do? Can He truly understand human suffering if He doesn’t experience it? Dr. Dolezal brings clear, biblical, and philosophical insight to these challenging topics. Don't miss this engaging conversation on why denying passions in God is essential to a proper understanding of His nature.