Three Buddy Problem

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Three Buddy Problem episodes

May 26Find 50,000 Bugs, Fix Zero: Gabriel Bernadett-Shapiro on the AI Vuln Trap
(Presented by TLPBLACK: A cybersecurity intelligence platform focused on sharing curated, high-sensitivity threat insights and research with trusted security professionals.)
Three Buddy Problem x Ekoparty Miami: SentinelLabs researcher Gabriel Bernadett-Shapiro hops on the mic to unpack who gets to define what "security" even means in the age of AI, why venture capital keeps funding the wrong things, and how the frontier labs quietly ate everyone's coding harness.
Plus, how AI actually contributed to cracking the FAST 16 research, overcoming the guardrails, and why your domain expertise is the only thing keeping you out of full-blown rabbit-hole psychosis.
Cast: Juan Andres Guerrero-Saade, Ryan Naraine and Gabriel Bernadett-Shapiro.
Timestamps:
0:00 Introductory banter
4:55 Gabe returns: how the models got scary-good at code
8:45 Bay Area short-termism and the "10x in 18 months" trap
11:35 VCs as tastemakers, and why that's broken
13:00 The unpaid-labor pipeline into the AI labs
18:00 The real misunderstanding about security's moat
20:18 Bug bounties: a net negative for the industry?
22:20 The great vuln fire sale — find 50,000, fix zero
27:28 Who will maintain vetted open-source libraries?
29:29 FAST 16: how AI actually broke the case open
35:05 The rabbit-holing machine and the path to "AI psychosis"
41:05 Stuxnet, Kim Zetter, and the story we'll never be told
Links:
Transcript
fast16 | Mystery Shadow Brokers Reference Reveals High-Precision Software Sabotage
Experts Confirm the Fast16 Malware Was Sabotaging Nuclear Weapons Tests
AI & LLMs for Automation & Intel with Gabriel Bernadett-Shapiro
SentinelLabs
Security use-cases for AI chain-of-thought reasoning
Daniel Miessler - A Conversation with Gabe Bernadett-Shapiro on AI
Gabriel Bernadett-Shapiro on X
TLPBLACK
Ekoparty Miami
50 min
May 25Federico Kirschbaum on XBOW, AI Hackers, and the Future of Pen Testing
(Presented by TLPBLACK: A cybersecurity intelligence platform focused on sharing curated, high-sensitivity threat insights and research with trusted security professionals.)
Three Buddy Problem x Ekoparty Miami: Federico Kirschbaum, founder of Ekoparty and now head of Security Lab at XBOW, talks about what happens to offensive security when an autonomous AI hacker can find and exploit real vulnerabilities. Fede walks through XBOW's "Tales from the Trace," the surreal experience of watching a non-human adversary reason its way to an ASLR bypass, and why he believes pen-testing isn't dying but finally becoming accessible to far more than the world's biggest companies.
Plus, where humans still matter in the loop, whether an LLM-discovered bug is public by definition, the looming reckoning over software liability, and Halvar Flake's very honest fear of getting lazy.
Cast: Juan Andres Guerrero-Saade, Ryan Naraine and Federico Kirschbaum.
Timestamps:
0:00 Fede's move to XBOW
2:20 What's XBOW building? An AI hacker for real vulnerabilities
5:53 Where the human stays in the loop
6:35 The Exim bug: a craftsman races the LLM to an ASLR bypass
10:49 Does bug discovery still need a human asking the right question?
16:24 A short history: Satan, CORE, Metasploit, bug bounties
18:48 An LLM-discovered bug is public by definition
24:12 Halvar Flake's laziness worry & the assembly-to-C parallel
29:47 Rising tides: script kiddies get the full gamut
41:02 The economics: does pentesting get cheap?
43:18 Argentina, Ekoparty, and an untapped talent pipeline
Links:
Transcript
Federico Kirschbaum on a life in the Argentina hacking scene
Federico Kirschbaum on LinkedIn
Federico Kirschbaum
XBOW | Autonomous Offensive Security Platform
Mythos for Offensive Security: XBOW's Evaluation
Tales from the Trace: How Agentic AI Merges Static and Dynamic Testing
Ekoparty Miami
TLPBLACK
59 min
May 24Jordan Wiens on AI, Offense vs. Defense, and the Dying CTF Pipeline
(Presented by TLPBLACK: A cybersecurity intelligence platform focused on sharing curated, high-sensitivity threat insights and research with trusted security professionals.)
Three Buddy Problem x Ekoparty Miami: Jordan Wiens, co-founder of Vector 35 and creator of Binary Ninja, talks about a decade spent building a decompiler in a market everyone told him not to enter. He walks through why accessibility drove the whole project, how Binja's intermediate-language system stacks up against IDA, Ghidra, and Radare, and why language-specific decompilation for Rust, C++, and Go is the next real frontier.
Plus, thoughts on AI disruption and why "the model can do it" misses the point that the model is just driving the tool, what verifiability really means, whether AI tilts the field toward offense or defense, and questions around subsidized tokens, the collapse of the CTF talent pipeline, and what happens to a craft when the shortcut is always one prompt away.
Cast: Juan Andres Guerrero-Saade, Ryan Naraine and Jordan Wiens.
Timestamps:
0:00 Introductory banter
1:22 Vector 35 and the origin of Binary Ninja
2:32 From CTFs and SCIFs to building a decompiler
3:27 Before Ghidra: when an IDA license was out of reach
9:47 Language-specific decompilation: Rust, C++, and Go
12:47 Running a 17-person bootstrapped shop with no org chart
13:50 DARPA money, In-Q-Tel, and staying independent
15:23 AI as disruptor: the model drives the tool
18:06 Verifiability and the Fast16 reversing story
25:10 How AI actually gets used inside the company
28:52 Frontier models and guardrails
33:30 Will AI favor offense or defense?
40:51 Shrinking CTF talent pipelines
Links:
Transcript
Jordan Wiens on LinkedIn
Jordan Wiens (@psifertex)
Vector 35
Binary Ninja
Ghidra Releases
AI x CC (AI Cyber Challenge)
Ekoparty Miami
TLPBLACK
45 min
May 15The AI-powered 10x patch tsunami has arrived. Now what?
(Presented by TLPBLACK: A cybersecurity intelligence platform focused on sharing curated, high-sensitivity threat insights and research with trusted security professionals.)
Three Buddy Problem - Episode 98: We dive back into the fast16 malware discovery with fresh speculation that it's targeting spherical implosion simulations for Iran's nuclear program, and wonder who on earth is qualified to confirm this.
Plus, thoughts on OpenAI's new three-tier cyber access program, Microsoft's MDASH harness, the 10x Patch Tuesday tsunami, Cloudflare's 1,100 layoffs blamed on AI, and why frontier-lab guardrails may just be elaborate security theater.
Cast: Juan Andres Guerrero-Saade, Ryan Naraine and Costin Raiu.
Timestamps:
0:00 - Introductory banter
3:19 - fast16 update: spherical implosion simulations?
9:01 - Manhattan Project precedent — why this matches Iran
12:28 - Who can actually reproduce the FAST 16 attack?
19:32 - Google GTIG's "AI-written" zero-day
22:13 - The rise of AI-backend "silent detections"
25:54 - Guardrails as security theater
38:47 - Are the 10x patch numbers real defense?
43:48 - OpenAI's Trusted Access tiers + Microsoft MDASH
53:35 - End of the ‘patch-and-pray’ model
57:50 - Sean Heelan: strict harnesses can make models worse
1:03:51 - Pwn2Own Berlin overflow and bug-density debate
1:12:24 - Cloudflare's 1,100 layoffs and AI as scapegoat
1:27:42 - RCS encryption, Android Intrusion Logging, Seedworm & Kazuar
Links:
Transcript
fast16 malware targeting spherical implosion simulations
fast16 | Mystery Shadow Brokers Reference Reveals High-Precision Software Sabotage 5 Years Before Stuxnet
Cracking the Fast16 sabotage malware mystery
GTIG on AI Exploit Generation Discovery
iOS 26.5 Security Bulletin
End-to-end encrypted RCS messaging hits beta
Android adds 'Intrusion Logging' feature
Google: Log your Android device activity
Microsoft MDASH new multi-model agentic security system
Daybreak | OpenAI for cybersecurity
Pwn2Own 2026 Capacity Overflow, Hackers Drop 0-Days Solo
Seedworm: Iran-Linked Hackers Breached Korean Electronics Maker
Kazuar: Anatomy of a nation-state botnet (Microsoft)
Ekoparty Miami
LABScon 2026
TLPBLACK
1 hr 51 min
May 10The disappointing death of big-game APT reporting
(Presented by TLPBLACK: A cybersecurity intelligence platform focused on sharing curated, high-sensitivity threat insights and research with trusted security professionals.)
Three Buddy Problem - Episode 97: We discuss the disappearing art of Windows APT paleontology, the absence of complex malware documentation, and why so much threat-intel research has slipped behind paywalls and into private rooms.
Plus, a surge in AI-discovered bugs in Firefox and Chrome, a rough week for Linux security flaw disclosures, and the usual Ivanti and Palo Alto zero-day bulletins that ship without a single IOC.
Cast: Juan Andres Guerrero-Saade, Ryan Naraine and Costin Raiu.
Timestamps:
0:00 - Introductory banter
1:17 - Inside TLP-Red: writing hashes by hand
3:57- fast16 fallout and the threat intel trust collapse
9:17 - The death of cyber paleontology on Windows
14:49 - Mobile is the new paleontology frontier
15:48 - When threat intel went private: the CrowdStrike effect
23:29 - Falling sideways into intelligence brokerage
36:05 -- AI, Easter eggs, and the loss of malware artistry
47:22 -- Will the Frontier Labs publish threat intel?
51:43 -- fast16 follow-up reports coming
1:09:38 - Mythos, Aardvark, and the patch tsunami
1:15:33 - CopyFail and the Linux reboot crisis
1:51:05 - UAPs, Pulitzers, last-ever LabsCon, and shoutouts
Links:
Transcript
Where Have All the Complex Windows Malware and Their Analyses Gone?
AcidBox: Rare Malware Repurposing Turla Group Exploit
Google Chrome security update documentation
Behind the Scenes Hardening Firefox with Mythos
CVE-2026-0073 Android adbd TLS client-authentication bypass
Urgent patch for Android zero-click vuln
CVE-2026-0300: PAN-OS zero-day exploited in the wild
Ivanti zero-day marked as exploited in the wild
Copy Fail — CVE-2026-31431
Yael Grauer wins a Pulitzer Prize
AJ Vicens wins a Pulitzer Prize
Pacific Rim – Darknet Diaries
Fast16, Stuxnet, and the History of Cyber Espionage
TLPBLACK
LABScon 2026 CFP
US Gov on UAP Encounters
2 hr 3 min
May 01Cracking the Fast16 sabotage malware mystery
(Presented by TLPBLACK: A cybersecurity intelligence platform focused on sharing curated, high-sensitivity threat insights and research with trusted security professionals.)
Three Buddy Problem - Episode 96: We're joined by WIRED writer Andy Greenberg to dig into SentinelLabs' bombshell FAST16 research, a newly deciphered piece of sabotage malware that predates Stuxnet by five years and quietly tampered with physics modeling software likely tied to Iran's nuclear program.
We discuss the attribution rabbit hole (NSA? Israel? someone else?), the eerie "spiritual warfare" implications of corrupting scientific calculations, and Antiy Labs' very dialectical Chinese rebuttal. Plus, what AI reverse-engineering means for the next decade of cyber paleontology.
Cast: Andy Greenberg, Juan Andres Guerrero-Saade, Ryan Naraine and Costin Raiu.
Timestamps:
0:00 - WIRED’s Andy Greenberg joins the show
1:53 - How the FAST16 scoop landed in Andy's lap
6:45 - JAGS sat on this sample for 7 years
10:33 - How Costin and the Kaspersky team missed the sabotage routine
15:20 - The "holy moly" moment: what FAST16 actually does
18:26 - Territorial Dispute, Shadow Brokers, and the driver list
24:11 - The targets: MOHID, PKPM, and LS-DYNA's link to Iran
28:13 - No C&C, no victims: a worm built for air-gapped networks
34:45 - Was this part of a larger anti-Iran toolkit?
37:55 - Attribution: NSA, Israel, or someone else entirely?
51:39 - What was the actual sabotage? Unanswered questions
55:48 - "Spiritual warfare": the psychological angle and trust in computers
1:20:05 - Equities, going public, and the case for AI-powered reversing
1:32:19 - Antiy Labs' Chinese rebuttal and the apparatchik tone
1:43:04 - Shoutouts: Sergey Mineev, LabsCon CFP, PivotCon, and Ekoparty
Links:
Transcript
fast16 | Mystery ShadowBrokers Reference Reveals High-Precision Software Sabotage 5 Years Before Stuxnet
Flame: A complex malware for targeted attacks
Territorial Dispute – NSA's perspective on APT landscape
Newly Deciphered Sabotage Malware May Have Targeted Iran’s Nuclear Program - and Predates Stuxnet
Kim Zetter's Countdown to Zero Day
An Unprecedented Look at Stuxnet, the World's First Digital Weapon
The Flame: Questions and Answers (Kaspersky)
SentinelLabs
Andy Greenberg on X
TLPBLACK
Antiy Labs: “Psychological Warfare” to Show Off Cyber Capabilities
Who’s Really Spreading through the Bright Star?
LABScon 2026 CFP
Ekoparty Miami 2026 (Agenda)
PIVOTcon Agenda
Decipher: Fast16, Stuxnet, and the History of Cyber Espionage
1 hr 48 min
April 24Mark Dowd on AI hacking, exploit chains, zero-day sales
(Presented by TLPBLACK: A cybersecurity intelligence platform focused on sharing curated, high-sensitivity threat insights and research with trusted security professionals.)
Three Buddy Problem - Episode 95: Vigilant Labs director Mark Dowd joins the show to shed light on the state of offensive research, the economics of the exploit market, and why "Mark Dowd in a box" isn't quite the threat the AI hype machine suggests. He talks through the daily stresses of running an offensive shop, how AI is reshaping vulnerability discovery, exploit development, and the pricing of full exploit chains.
Plus, thoughts on Lockdown Mode and Apple's MIE, whether mitigations actually work or just push attackers toward less access, the rise of HarmonyOS and the Balkanization of device security, persistence, baseband attacks, GrapheneOS, and Samsung Knox.
We discuss customer vetting and OpSec fears, policymakers who've never written an exploit, and the strange afterlife of The Art of Software Security Assessment, the 20-year-old book now possibly training data for the very tools coming for his job.
Cast: Mark Dowd, Juan Andres Guerrero-Saade, Ryan Naraine and Costin Raiu.
Timestamps:
0:00 Introductions
4:28 The origin story of Azimuth: why go offensive?
6:26 Stresses of running an offensive research business
12:10 "Mark Dowd in a box" — is AI an existential threat to vuln research?
16:13 Using AI in workflow: frontier models vs. local models
22:05 AI in bug-finding vs. exploit implementation
30:30 Watching AI tear through a firmware backdoor
38:23 Artificial guardrails and the "POC" wall
43:25 Will AI commoditize 0days? The high-end vs. low-end vendor split
57:30 How AI disrupts exploit chain pricing
1:05:18 Does persistence still matter? Should you reboot your phone?
1:09:33 Lockdown Mode, MIE, and Apple's "never been compromised" claim
1:14:25 Do mitigations really work, or are we stuck in an endless loop?
1:23:25 Android vs. iOS vs. Huawei's HarmonyOS Next
1:34:44 Exploit leaks, customer vetting, and OpSec fears
1:41:37 GrapheneOS, Samsung Knox and baseband attacks
1:53:56 Did the exploit market save us from encryption backdoors?
1:55:11 What does the threat-intel community get wrong about vuln research?
Links:
Transcript
Vigilant Labs
Mark Dowd at BlueHat: Inside the Zero Day Market
The Art of Software Security Assessment [Book]
Mark Dowd on X
Trenchant, Peter Williams, and the proliferation of a Shadow Brokers-level iOS exploit framework
Apple: Memory Integrity Enforcement
Cost of Sandboxing Prompts Shift to Memory-Safe Languages
Dowd: Memory Corruption Mitigations Doing Their Job
TLPBLACK
LABScon 2026 Call for Papers
Apple paying big bounty for wireless proximity-based attacks
2 hr 3 min
April 18The Angry Spark APT Mystery: A Year-Long Backdoor, One Victim, Zero Attribution
(Presented by TLPBLACK: A cybersecurity intelligence platform focused on sharing curated, high-sensitivity threat insights and research with trusted security professionals.)
Three Buddy Problem - Episode 94: We discuss a mysterious, VM-obfuscated backdoor that lived undetected on a single U.K. machine for a year before disappearing, finding clues pointing to an elite-level APT intrusion that still evades broader industry coverage.
Plus, connecting the dots across AI-driven vulnerability discovery, Microsoft’s massive Patch Tuesday, Jensen Huang talks cybersecurity, Mythos dangers and Chinese chips, and the quiet erosion of CVE enrichment at NIST.
Cast: Juan Andres Guerrero-Saade, Ryan Naraine and Costin Raiu.
Timestamps:
0:00 – Intros + AI news whiplash
5:10 – Patch Tuesday breakdown: Microsoft's second-largest CVE release ever
7:32 – AI accelerating vulnerability discovery at record pace
10:00 – Frontier lab cyber models, fine-tuning, guardrail removal & KYC
12:37 – FreeBSD NFS bug: Opus 4.6 was already finding critical vulns
14:26 – Anthropic's infrastructure strain: Is Opus being nerfed?
21:05 – OpenAI's Trusted Access for Cyber vs. Anthropic's Mythos cabal
28:45 – SharePoint zero-day CVE-2026-32201: The endless Microsoft tax
34:36 – Adobe Acrobat zero-day: A rare, real, Russia-linked exploit in the wild
41:36 – VirusTotal mining: The golden age of threat intel hunting
50:03 – ZionSiphon: Vibe-coded OT malware targeting Israeli water infrastructure
55:04 – Paleontology of threat research: When do you publish? Who do you trust?
1:13:53 – Angry Spark: A one-machine, one-year backdoor raises eyebrows
1:49:25 – Jensen Huang vs. Dwarkesh Patel on Mythos, China and chips
2:14:32 – Chinese AI distillation: 24,000 fake Anthropic accounts, DeepSeek & the catch-up question
Links:
Transcript
Microsoft Patches Exploited SharePoint Zero-Day and 160 Other Vulns
ZDI: April 2026 Patch Tuesday Review
Inside ZionSiphon: OT Malware Targeting Israeli Water Systems
GenDigital: Chasing an Angry Spark
MAD Bugs: Month of AI-Discovered Bugs (Calif)
HackerOne: The Vulnerability Apocalypse is a Remediation Crisis
OpenAI scaling up Trusted Access for Cyber (TAC) Program
OpenAI Commits $10m in API credits for cybersecurity
Anthropic: Introducing Claude Opus 4.7
OpenAI confirms Axios developer tool compromise
Jensen Huang x Jensen Huang on Nvidia’s AI Moat
Anthropic: Detecting and preventing distillation attacks
NIST Updates NVD Operations to Address Record CVE Growth
Dreadnode Open-Source Tools to Measure AI Offense-Defense Gap
LABScon 2026 Call for Papers
Cyber-Paleontology in the Age of AI (Black Hat Asia 2026)
Ekoparty Miami Schedule
TLPBLACK
2 hr 36 min
April 10The Claude Mythos, Project Glasswing Shockwave
(Presented by TLPBLACK: A cybersecurity intelligence platform focused on sharing curated, high-sensitivity threat insights and research with trusted security professionals.)
Three Buddy Problem - Episode 93: We discuss Anthropic's release of Claude Mythos Preview (an AI model so capable and dangerous they won't release it publicly) and debate the looming patching crisis, bug bounty extinction, possible US government nationalization of frontier labs, and why the NSA might not be thrilled about all this bug-fixing.
Plus, North Korea's six-month Drift Protocol con job, APT28's retro DNS hijacking campaign, and Microsoft's driver signing mess hitting WireGuard and VeraCrypt.
Cast: Juan Andres Guerrero-Saade, Ryan Naraine and Costin Raiu.
00:00 — Opening banter
01:36 — Anthropic Mythos Preview + Project Glasswing
06:17 — USG reaction + Wall Street emergency meeting
10:54 — Mythos capabilities vs hype (technical reality check)
13:44 — PR stunt? Skepticism of Anthropic narrative
20:42 — The patching crisis + “defender advantage”
27:41 — Bug bounty model under threat from AI
33:37 — Mythos practical workflows
45:09 — Geopolitics, NSA angle, and nationalization discussion
01:40:18 — Fortinet zero-day + ongoing failures
01:42:39 — Drift Protocol heist ($285M) + long-term social engineering
01:44:07 — Revisiting XZ Utils / Jia Tan attribution
01:54:07 — Crypto security gaps + need for real CTI in blockchain
02:04:22 — APT28 DNS hijacking + router compromise campaign
02:18:57 — Microsoft driver signing meltdown + ecosystem impact
Links:
Transcript
TLPBLACK
Claude Mythos Preview
Accidental data leak reveals existence of Anthropic Mythos
Project Glasswing
System Card: Claude Mythos Preview
Axios: OpenAI plans new product for cybersecurity use
The $285M Drift Protocol Heist Was ‘6 Months in the Making’
Drift Protocol - Incident Report
US Treasury to share threat-intel with crypto companies
Fortinet customers confront actively exploited zero-day
Fortinet advisory: CVE-2026-35616 (exploited in the wild)
SOHO router compromise leads to DNS hijacking
APT28 exploit routers to enable DNS hijacking operations
DOJ Conducts Court-Authorized Disruption of DNS Hijacking Network Controlled by a Russian Military
Lumen on 'Frost Armada' Forest Blizzard DNS Hijacking
WireGuard (Account Suspended)
OSR on Microsoft Driver Signing Lockout
Microsoft: Account Verification for Windows Hardware Program
US Warns of Iran-Linked Cyber Hacks on Water, Energy Systems
CISA bulletin: Iranian Hackers Exploiting PLCs Across US Critical Infrastructure
Watch S4: The Bob Lazar Story
YouTube: Dan Guido at [un]prompted
2 hr 35 min
April 03LLMs writing exploits, engineers losing skills, and a case for the generative OS
(Presented by TLPBLACK: High-fidelity threat intelligence and research tools for modern security teams. From curated Passive DNS and real-time C2 monitoring to actionable IOC feeds and daily malware samples, we help defenders detect, hunt, and disrupt threats faster, with seamless integration into SIEM and SOAR workflows.)
Three Buddy Problem - Episode 92: Costin walks through real-world ransomware incident response while Juanito makes the case for AI-generated operating systems that never run anyone else's code. Plus, debates on whether vulnerability research is cooked, why nobody should pay ransoms, and what the security industry looks like after the massive AI flood.
Cast: Juan Andres Guerrero-Saade, Ryan Naraine and Costin Raiu.
0:00 – Introductory banter
2:00 – Costin's ransomware incident response work
3:30 – How attackers break in: Fortinet vulnerabilities everywhere
6:30 – Hunting for ransomware decryption keys
9:00 – Breaking into ransomware C2s and monitoring leak sites
12:00 – The ransom payment debate: should you ever pay?
16:00 – Why "don't pay the ransom" is overgeneralized
21:00 – How ransomware gangs price their demands
24:00 – The AI-pilling of the security industry
28:30 – Nicholas Carlini, Ptacek, and "vulnerability research is cooked"
35:00 – Towards a generative-first operating system
41:00 – Code factories, trusted computing, and killing dependencies
48:00 – Microsoft and Apple's AI positioning
56:00 – Chris St. Myers' "Cognitive Rust Belt" essay
1:18:00 – Choice, The Matrix, and the illusion of control
1:38:00 – Supply chain attacks, North Korea, and dependency sprawl
Links:
Transcript
Nicholas Carlini - Black-hat LLMs
Ptacek: Vulnerability Research Is Cooked
Chris St Myers: Why Organizations Are Confusing Temporary Friction with Permanent Safety
Dan Geer: Children of the Magenta
Calif: Month of AI-Discovered Bugs
Claude Wrote a Full FreeBSD Remote Kernel RCE with Root Shell
Internet Bug Bounty Pauses Bug Bounty Program
Node.js Bug Bounty Program Paused Due to Loss of Funding
Elastic: How we caught the Axios supply chain attack
Elastic tool: supply-chain-monitor
Apple Will Push Out Rare ‘Backported’ Patches to iOS 18 Users
WhatsApp Alerts 200 Users After Fake iOS App Installed Spyware
The Human-Machine Team
Arsenal Recon Tool
TLPBLACK
2 hr 20 min

About Three Buddy Problem

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The Three Buddy Problem is a popular Security Conversations podcast that goes beyond industry talking points to discuss what others won’t -- nation-state malware, attribution, cyberwar, ethics,…