Efficacy of Echinacea-Supplemented Feeding on Health and Immune Status
of Horses
Phytotherapeutic medication with immunemodulatory efficacy represent one possible alternative to general bactericidal or anti-inflammatory agents. The genus Echinacea with its more than 300 phytotherapeutic or homeopathic preparations takes up a significant part of the phytotherapeutic medication segment. It is already well-established as a feeding supplement for horses. The aim of this study is to examine whether a 2.5 percent supplement of Echinacea Purpurea (Purple Coneflower) in the day to day feeding of healthy horses has no adverse affects but may rather have a positive effect on the level of stress, the general health condition as well as the immune system.
The placebo-controlled double blind study included 37 horses. Aerial plant parts of E.
purpurea were added to the feeding ration in the form of pellets over a period of 35 days. The dosage made up 2.5 percent of the estimated average daily dry matter intake based on sustenance requirements of 2 kg TS/100 kg LM. General well-being, blood results, the plasma cortisol concentration as well as the serum concentration of immune globuline G were determined on Day 0, 10, 21, 28, 35, and 70. The respiratory burst activity of granulocytes was measured as well as the plasma’s anti-oxidative potential. An anti-rabies vaccination was used to detect a possible influence on the development of vaccine titer.
General well-being and health condition of the included horses rated good throughout the
examinations conducted in the course of the study. The statistically evaluated parameters
respiration, temperature, pulse, and digestion showed no significant fluctuations within or between comparison and control groups, which would suggest a positive or negative impact of the Echinacea feeding supplement. For lack of difference between groups an influence of Echinacea on plasma cortisol concentrations may also be ruled out. The granulocytes’ respiratory burst activity was determined on Days 0, 21, and 35 for ten horses at a time from the Echinacea-group as well as the control group. In the course of the experiment a decline of
the Median Fluorescence Intensity was observed. Still, a causal connection to the Echinaceasupplement could not be concluded, because tests showed no significant differences between the Echinacea-group and the control group. The plasma’s anti-oxidative capacity was
determined on Days 0, 10, and 28. In the course of the experiment, values increased in the Echinacea-group as well as the control group. No significant difference was detected between the groups. Determination of immuneglobuline G fostered serum results between 17.15 mg/ml and 26.82 mg/ml. During the experiment, there was a decline in IgG-concentrations after Day 0. In the control group this became visible from the second blood sample on. In the Echinacea-group, this became visible only in the fourth and subsequent blood samples. There were however no significant differences between groups. The anti-rabies vaccination was administered on Day 21. The titer was determined on Day 21 and Day 35. Titer development did not differ between Echinacea-group and control group. A separate consideration of first and refresh vaccinations did not yield significant differences between groups either.
Concluding from the results of this study, feeding supplemented with 2.5 percent E. purpurea has no adverse affects on healthy horses. However, there also is no positive influence on the condition of health and immune system to be expected. It was not possible to determine a positive or negative influence of Echinacea-supplemented feeding on any of the discussed parameters under this test conditions (typical horse keeping conditions, placebo-controlled
double blind study).