Our expert on Islamic history Tim Furnish delivers again. Tim's latest book The COIN of the Islamic Realm: Insurgencies & The Ottoman Empire, 1416-1916. What we know about the Ottoman's is that we don't really know much beyond being the sick old man of Europe. However, the Ottoman Empire was massive as one of the largest and most diverse empires in history.  Tim helps us answer the question, how on earth did they manage that much space, diversity and religious conflict?