Tolkien’s view of “magic” (or machine) was that it was distinguished from “art” by the fact that it was the use of an external plan or apparatus to more efficiently impose the will of the user.  In my previous video (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O44qroaf0Nw) I discussed the more colloquial distinction between magic and technology, but here I dive into some examples that help us understand Tolkien’s unique take.

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