Hello and welcome to the first episode of Theory of a Week, the new weekly show from a student’s note, where we explore a new theory-esque concept each week.

For this first episode I have chosen Plato’s theory of the ideal state, which rests on a deterministic view of human capabilities and is based on a radical meritocracy.

Plato was and is an influential figure in political thought and is often even considered to be the origin of western political thought. Reason enough to explore his reasoning and one of his main theories, which is also the basis for his critique of (direct) democracy.

Let’s get started.

Chapters

* Introduction

* Historical Background

* Theory of the Soul

* Politics as an Art

* From the Individual to the Polis

* The Role of Education

Closing Question

If we abstract away from Plato’s specific ancient views—like belief in the world of Forms or the immortal soul— doesn’t Plato’s ideal state simply resemble rule by the most capable or intelligent?

I think more or less yes, but I found two limitations of this interpretation:

1. Not just intelligence, but virtue and wisdom.

For Plato, it’s not simply raw intelligence or technical expertise that qualifies someone to rule, but proven ability to know “the Good”—that is, a deep philosophical wisdom and moral character. His philosopher-kings are meant to combine intellectual and ethical excellence.

2. Rule by nature, not just effort.

Modern meritocracy often emphasises both ability and effort, allowing for social mobility based on achievement. Plato, by contrast, puts much more emphasis on inborn nature: education and testing reveal someone’s predetermined suitability for leadership or other roles—not everyone can become a philosopher-king, no matter how hard they try.

But thats just my reading, what do you think?

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