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As climate change, population growth, droughts and diseases threaten our fragile food supply, some people and companies seek to reimagine agriculture through the lens of a new frontier of human innovation - the low earth orbit economy. Space Agriculture is the practice of creating highly efficient technology that can mass produce food in low earth orbit. Using only gravity, that food can be easily dropped to any location on the planet. This technology isn’t just a pipedream - Scientists have already begun growing crops in space, using radiation from our sun to create genetically altered crops that can survive in the most desolate landscapes on earth.

The vision of SpaceAg is straight from a science fiction novel, yet some visionaries like today’s guest, Christopher Udall, are making it a reality. Christopher combines business savvy, venture capitalism, science, innovative technology, and an all-encompassing mission to revolutionize modern agriculture. Looking deep into the future, let us explore the role of technology like space agriculture as parts of our species begin to live in places other than our home planet.

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This episode we speak with Dr. Sarada Krishnan, the Director of Programs for Crop Trust, an international non-profit fighting to ensure Food and Nutrition Security for our civilization, and dedicated to preserving the genetic diversity of all plant life on our planet. They are responsible for the Svalbard seed back, an incredible bunker, dug into the side of a mountain, in one of the most inhospitably cold places on earth. It exists for one reason - to house the seeds of the plants of our ecosystem, to protect genetic diversity at all cost, and when called upon, to bring an extinct species back from being snuffed out forever.

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Our next guest is Seth Baum, Cofounder and Executive Director of the Global Catastrophic Risk Institute, and he’s Research Affiliate of the University of Cambridge in the Centre for the Study of Existential Risk. In his research, Seth has categorized the potential, long-Term Trajectories of Human Civilization, and has come to an inconvenient conclusion - “Over the long-term, the persistence of the status quo appears rather unlikely. Instead, civilization is likely to either die out or transform.

In this conversation, we discuss the real risks behind human extinction, and what it would look like for humanity to transform enough to actually survive, and possibly thrive in the uncertain future.

My name is Robert Roche, and This is the type one planet podcast - watch or listen to this episode, please subscribe, share it with someone who might become inspired, and visit us at Typeoneplanet.net.

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Cindy Cohn is the Executive Director for the Electronic Frontier Foundation, The leading nonprofit defending digital privacy, free speech, and innovation. Cindy stands at the forefront of the fight to ensure a “free and open” internet, one that empowers the user with security and privacy, while maximizing the capabilities of this astounding technology. She is calling for the re-decentralization of the internet, to ensure that the very structure of this technology is serving the needs of the average citizen, rather than the most powerful organizations on the planet.

It is time to question the reality that you have always accepted when you log on to the world wide web, and to ask yourself if this could be done better. Our governments, our cultures, our countries, and our future hangs in the balance.

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These are the questions that guide transhumanism, a philosophical and scientific movement that studies the use of current and emerging technologies—things like genetic engineering, cryonics, artificial intelligence (AI), and nanotechnology— to augment human capabilities and improve the human condition.

Any discussion on transhumanism would be incomplete without the input from our next guest, Anders Sandberg. Anders has spent his life studying the existential risk of humanity, how we can better safeguard ourselves against extinction, and how the evolution of our species can leap forward by leveraging new technology. Anders believes that the survival of our species depends on the intersection of technology, biology, transhumanism, and the collective will to survive, to thrive, and to sustainably expand from our little corner of the galaxy, and into the vast universe in which we exist.

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On this episode, We welcome Amanda Marrs of Amp Robotics. Amp Robotics is a company that uses machine vision and machine learning to train custom-built robots that can sort our trash faster and more accurately than has ever been done before. They can see and categorize our trash to any degree of specificity, creating perfectly sorted bales that can be easily sold, remade, or repurposed. This technology could be a pivot point for our civilization, as we take step after tiny step towards an economy where everything is reused, where few things are wasted, and where landfills are a relic of an uncertain past.

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On Type One Planet, we are working to answer this existential question. Our guest in this episode, Aaron Hamlin, tells us that — “there May be a solution to this puzzle.” Aaron is the co-founder and Executive Director of The Center for Election Science, where they bolster a simple idea - Approval Voting. Put simply, every citizen has as many votes as there are candidates, and they can vote for all of the candidates that they think could do the job. The candidate with the most overall votes wins. That’s it. Sounds too good to be true, or is this the future of modern Democracy.

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On Type One Planet, we will be doing a series of conversations about plastic. How to recycle it, how to reuse it, and how to get micro plastics and polymers out of our drinking water and out of our bodies. There are many who believe that this endeavor is directly tied to the short term survival of our species, and the long-term design of a civilization that has learned to sustainably use this astonishing material in our day-to-day lives.

Today, we spoke with Dr. Frank Leibfarth, one such scientist who has set out to understand certain forms of plastic polymers that have been found in our bodies, causing elevated cholesterol, thyroid disease, lowered immunity, cancer, and other disarray in our endocrine system. These polymers enter our bodies through our drinking water, and Frank has dedicated his team to finding a way to remove those materials from our most precious resource. Because of his work Frank was recognized by Popular Science as one of their “Brilliant 10,” a list of scientists and engineers from across the nation who have the potential to transform the world with their innovative approaches to key issues. We sat down to find out why.

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Bruce Schneier is a person who has dedicated his life to these questions. He is a public-interest technologist, a cryptographer, and a computer security specialist. He is a fellow and lecturer at Harvard's Kennedy School, and a board member at the Electronic Frontier Foundation, which is dedicated to defending digital privacy, free speech, and innovation.

In his books, articles, and lectures, Bruce has classified Democracy as an Information System that faces a crucial dilemma: In order to exist, Democracies depend on the free flow of accurate information, empowering their citizens to make informed voting decisions, provide policy input, and hold officials accountable. At the same time, information flows can be manipulated to undermine democracy by allowing the unchecked spread of propaganda and pseudo facts. In the dawn of advanced technology like the internet, automation, and machine learning, this manipulation has begun to test the tensile strength of democracy.

In order to survive, the model of democracy must evolve. Let’s explore how that evolution is possible, and what it could look like in the modern technological age.

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Lewis Dartnell is an author, presenter, and professor of science communication at the University of Westminster. His works of popular science include The Knowledge: How to Rebuild our World from Scratch and Origins, which looks at how geology has impacted human history.

The Apocalypse: A Global Catastrophe in which our fragile civilization collapses, possibly engineered by human hand, by a massive asteroid, by a raging virus - These events do NOT have a probability of zero, and therefore must be taken seriously.

Let us imagine that, through human negligence or just bad luck, such an event has happened. You are left with the remains of a broken civilization, without access to electricity, the internet, telephones, or even a reliable source of food. Yes, you might be able to survive for a while, maybe even years, but at some point the momentum and the resources from the fallen society will run out. Will you know how to grow food? To purify water? To capture electricity in a homemade battery? Will you know how to rediscover and utilize the incredible inventions of the past?

In 2014, an astrophysicist named Lewis Dartnell wrote a book called “The Knowledge: How to Rebuild our World from Scratch” - It is an instructional manual of sorts, not for skills of survival, but for the cultivation and reinvention of a technologically advanced civilization. It is a civilization seed. When planted in a mind that is curious, industrious, and resilient, this seed has the ability to bear civilizational fruit, and to bring humanity back from the brink of extinction.

Dartnell’s book isn’t meant to save the world - it’s a piece of art, a reminder of our incredible achievements as a species, a spark that lets you see the technological marvels around you in a new light, and as a warning - for this planetary ecosystem is a house of cards - fragile, complex, and worth protecting.

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