The food security of millions of people around the world is currently being threatened by the COVID-19 pandemic, which is an evolving health and human crisis. Hundreds of millions of people were already suffering from hunger and malnutrition before the coronavirus pandemic and, unless immediate action is taken, there could be a global food emergency (FAO, 2020). In the future, the combined effects of COVID-19 itself, as well as corresponding control measures and the emerging global recession could disrupt the functioning of food systems, if precautionary actions are not taken to forestall such an occurrence. Such disruption can result in serious health and nutrition consequences.
This research was aimed at assessing dietary habits of people during the COVID-19 lockdown and the possible effect their consumption patterns could have on health. The study evaluated the state of food security in various African populations during the pandemic and assessed the health risk that may be associated to populations’ lifestyle during the lockdown. In addition, the research ascertained the various foods/drinks being consumed in various Sub-Saharan countries during the lockdown in order to prevent COVID-19.
The study design was a cross-sectional online survey. An online questionnaire was designed and content-validated. Six countries were selected for this research – South Africa, Nigeria, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Ghana and Kenya. Research assistants were sent the online survey link to circulate in their respective countries for 6 weeks (June/July, 2020). The questionnaire was structured to gather socio-economic data, information on food security and lifestyle of the participants (including a food frequency questionnaire) before and during the COVID-19 lockdown, data on special foods/drinks consumed during the pandemic to prevent the disease, and the sources of information on COVID-19 prevention.