In this episode, we explore the essentials of kidney and urinary tract health, guided by core nursing concepts from Brunner & Suddarth’s Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (15th edition). We’ll review urinary tract infections (UTIs)—their causes, risk factors, clinical manifestations, and treatment strategies including antibiotics and hydration. From there, we’ll examine urinary system cancers, such as renal and bladder cancer, covering risk factors, diagnostic methods (CT, MRI, biopsy), and management through surgical and pharmacologic therapies, including urinary diversions. We’ll also take a closer look at renal calculi (kidney stones), exploring their pathophysiology, types, diagnostic imaging, and both conservative and surgical interventions like lithotripsy. Finally, we’ll connect it all through a discussion of fluid and electrolyte balance and the kidney’s critical role in acid-base homeostasis. This episode ties together nursing assessment, management, and patient education for comprehensive renal care.