USIM AUDIO JOURNAL

This study investigates the capabilities of the identified 0debug Stealer malware through qualitative static analysis and reverse engineering. This study primarily employs non-executional static techniques, such as fingerprinting, decompiling, and string extraction, with a bit of dynamic analysis used primarily for deobfuscation. Analysis confirms that obfuscation hinders direct examination, yet reveals core functionalities of 1) anti-tampering, anti-VM, and anti-sniffer to evade detection 2) data theft targeting important victim information, and 3) Command and Control exfiltration. Findings demonstrate 0debug Stealer’s capabilities in bypassing traditional security measures, emphasising the critical role of static analysis in dissecting advanced threats. This paper contributes to the forensic analysis of emerging threats by providing a detailed examination of the 0debug Stealer's manner, revealing its evasion techniques and comprehensive data theft capabilities.

Many judicial systems are currently undergoing a significant digital transformation; however, there is no clear way to measure whether their Electronic Court Case Management Systems (ECCMS) are truly mature or not. In Malaysia, several nationwide court modernization programs have been underway. Since 2013, the end-user evaluation has remained somewhat fragmented. In this study, we propose an improved maturity model for an ECCMS and, after filtering out noisy and incomplete responses, test it on 300 active users from various Malaysian courts; 287 were used. The paradigm builds upon earlier e-government maturity models with four underlying constructs: second-order (1) human behaviour, (2) technological, (3) organisational factors, and (4) legal issues. Data were gathered using descriptive statistics, validity tests, and structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM), with a 5-point Likert scale. The structural model earned a Q²_predict value of 0.483 and an R² score of 0.8927, showing predictive power good but not perfect. Legal and regulatory aspects revealed, up to 0.713, the highest path coefficients, whereas technical and behavioural elements were marginally weaker. Although for further research there are still a few gaps, the accepted methodology provides a useful foundation for evaluating the development of e-justice. It can inform decisions about court digitalization, more data-driven.

This paper outlines the development of an Arabic exam question generator that utilizes advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques and a comprehensive Arabic corpus. The primary aim is to aid educators in automating the process of crafting exam questions tailored specifically for A1-level Arabic learners. By harnessing the capabilities of NLP, the system integrates sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) models and template-based methods to generate educationally appropriate questions. The seq2seq models are designed to predict the next word in a sequence, ensuring that the generated questions are natural and contextually fitting. This approach enables the system to produce logically coherent questions that align with the given context. Moreover, the template-based method guarantees grammatical accuracy, which is essential for educational purposes. The templates use as structured guidelines that steer the seq2seq models, ensuring that the questions adhere to proper grammatical rules and structures. A vital aspect of the system is the incorporation of the AraBERT pre-trained model. AraBERT, a transformer-based model customized for Arabic, undergoes fine-tuning with a specifically annotated dataset to adapt it to the task of generating questions from simple Arabic sentences, thereby enhancing its ability to handle the intricacies of the Arabic language. By combining seq2seq models for contextual relevance and template-based methods for grammatical precision, this dual approach effectively addresses the unique challenges associated with Arabic NLP. The richness of Arabic morphology and its syntactic complexity pose significant hurdles for NLP applications. Through the integration of these methodologies, the system ensures that the generated questions are not only contextually relevant but also grammatically correct, making it a valuable tool for educators. In conclusion, the paper discusses an innovative application of advanced NLP techniques and Arabic corpus utilization, providing a robust solution for automated Arabic exam question generation. This system holds significant potential for enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of language instruction for Arabic learners.

This study investigates the discrimination between pig leather and Polyurethane (PU) leather using Near-Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometric techniques. Genuine leather derived from pig hides presents unique biochemical signatures linked to its collagen structure. In contrast, PU leather is a synthetic polymer engineered to replicate the visual and tactile properties of natural hides. Differentiating between these two materials is particularly crucial in industrial and cultural contexts, such as halal certification, where accurate authentication is crucial. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was first employed as an unsupervised method to explore natural clustering. The PCA score plot revealed a clear separation between pig leather and PU leather, with the first principal component (PC-1) explaining 96% of the total variance, confirming that the dominant chemical features are sufficient for preliminary discrimination. For supervised classification, Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) revealed clear separation in the score plot. The model was supported by robust calibration and validation statistics, with high coefficients of determination (R² > 0.99) and low Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). Overall, these findings demonstrate that portable NIR spectroscopy, coupled with chemometrics, provides a rapid, non-destructive, and reliable authentication method with significant potential for industrial quality control, fraud prevention, and regulatory compliance.

Previous studies have shown platelets play an important role in prothrombotic complications due to several factors such as hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and hypercholesterolemia, which affected platelets reactivity. Platelets activation involves ADP stimulation via P2Y12 receptor, whereas reactive oxygen species (ROS) including superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) produced by NADPH oxidase (Nox) act as the second messenger, which involved in platelets activation and may contribute to thrombus formation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of Nox on the purinergic receptor (P2Y12 receptor) in activation of human platelets function stimulated by platelets agonist. This research explored the effects of Nox inhibitors and clopidogrel either alone or in combination, on various agonist-stimulated human platelets, including platelets aggregation and adhesion measured by modified LTA, expression of platelets activation markers, and calcium mobilization using flow cytometry, and ROS formation, NADPH oxidase activity, as well as cAMP levels by chemiluminescence assay. Taken together, findings from these experiments suggest that the combination of clopidogrel and Nox inhibitors synergistically reduced platelets aggregation, platelets adhesion, and expression of platelets activation marker during late activation, ROS formation, NADPH oxidase activity, calcium mobilization and increased cAMP levels in vitro. This combination showed that P2Y12receptor reactivity was influenced by the activation of NADPH oxidase. Thus, these data demonstrated a potential combination therapy to reduce the risk of thrombosis formation.

Dentistry is a client dependent field. Other than the dentist’s skills, the dentist’s appearance has been observed to affect the patient’s perception of the clinician. This research was conducted to assess patient’s perception of the dentist’s appearance based on the dentist’s attire, gender and age. A total number of 492 Malay respondents were involved in this study. A set of questionnaires was randomly distributed via google forms. This questionnaire consisted of three sections, including socio-demographic details of the respondents, patient’s perception towards dentist’s attire and patient’s perception towards dentist’s gender and age. The result showed that respondents consisted of 78% female and 22% male. The highest percentage of participants was in the age group of 18-30 (85.6%), while the lowest percentage of respondents came from the age group of 49-60 (5.3%). The majority of respondents (51%) preferred a dentist who wears a white coat followed by a dentist in scrub (38.2%) and a dentist dressed in formal attires (9.3%). Only 1.4% of respondents selected a dentist who wears casual attire. Participants also prefer dentist in the age group of 41-60 years old, while participants had no preference toward dentist’s gender. A final open-ended question showed respondents also preferred to see dentists with acceptable dental appearance, good behaviour and established qualification. In conclusion, a dentist’s appearance is important to secure a promising interpretation of the patient towards the dentist.

In the modern financial market, investors have to make quick and efficient investment decisions. The problem arises when the investor does not know the right tools to use in investment decision making. Different tools can be implemented in trading strategies to predict future stock prices. Therefore, the primary objective of this paper is to analyse the performance of the Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM) model in forecasting Nestle stock price by assessing the performance evaluation indicators. To analyse the stocks, two software were used, namely Microsoft Excel and Python. The model is trained for 16 weeks (4 months) of data from May to August 2019 and 2020. The simulated sample is for four weeks (1 month) which is for September 2019 and 2020. The findings show that during the Pandemic Covid-19, short-term prediction using GBM is more efficient than long-term prediction as the lowest Mean Square Error (MSE) value is at one week period. In addition, the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) for all GBM simulations is highly accurate as it shows that MAPE values are less than 10%, indicating that the GBM method can be used to predict Nestle stock price during an economic downturn.

Fossil fuels play an important role in energy systems as well as in the growth of technical, cultural and economic conditions of a country. In this study, we aim to investigate the effect of fossil fuels price towards energy’s stock returns in Malaysia by using monthly fossil fuels price and energy stock price taken from Malaysian Energy Commission and investing.com, respectively. To investigate their relationship, first we test the stationarity using Augmented Dickey Fuller Test (ADF). The result shows that the data are stationary at first differences. Next, we use Pearson correlation to measure the strength of the association between two variables. To observe the effect of fossil fuels prices on energy’s stock returns, we conduct a Multiple Linear Regression. We discovered that their relationships are not statistically significant. This is highly due to the competition of the use of non-renewable and renewable energy in recent years. The energy producers are adopting the renewable energy into the electricity grid which indirectly affect the utilization of fossil fuels as well as its price.

We report a case of acute compartment syndrome of the forearm in a 51-year-old man with open fracture distal third radius (Gustilo I). Decompressive fasciotomy was performed promptly. Complete progressive closure of the wound without split-thickness skin grafting was achieved using a shoe-lace technique: silastic vessel loop were interlaced held together with skin staplers placed at the edge of the fasciotomy wound and were then tightened daily. Delayed primary closure of the fasciotomy wound was performed after 8 days post fasciotomy with complete opposition of skin edges without tension. Shoelace closure is a good option for atraumatic fasciotomy wound closure with good cosmesis result.