Benjamin Graham (/ɡræm/; né Grossbaum; May 9, 1894 – September 21, 1976)[1][2] was a British-born American economist, professor and investor. He is widely known as the "father of value investing",[3] and wrote two of the founding texts in neoclassical investing: Security Analysis (1934) with David Dodd, and The Intelligent Investor (1949). His investment philosophy stressed investor psychology, minimal debt, buy-and-hold investing, fundamental analysis, concentrated diversification, buying within the margin of safety, activist investing, and contrarian mindsets.Principle #1: Always Invest with a Margin of Safety.
Principle #2: Expect Volatility and Profit from It.
Principle #3: Know What Kind of Investor You Are.
Speculator Versus Investor.