Click to listen to episode (5:31) Sections below are the following: Transcript of Audio Audio Notes and Acknowledgments Images Related Water Radio Episodes For Virginia Teachers (Relevant SOLs, etc.). Unless otherwise noted, all Web addresses mentioned were functional as of 12-20-19. TRANSCRIPT OF AUDIO From the Cumberland Gap to the Atlantic Ocean, this is Virginia Water Radio for the week of December 23, 2019. This week, we look back on 2019 with a medley of mystery sounds.  Have a listen for about 70 seconds to eight sounds or voice segments from the past year of Virginia Water Radio, and see if you can identify what you hear. SOUNDS - ~66 sec If you guessed all or most of those, you’re a 2019 mystery-sound mastermind! You heard Whites Ferry on the Potomac River between Loudoun County, Va., and Maryland; sleet; a Mountain Chorus Frog; the Bullpasture River in Highland County; Mallard ducks; people calling out the names of different milkweed species; people calling out categories of substances considered “emerging contaminants” in water; and last, an excerpt from the “Connecting the Drops” program by Water Education Colorado in partnership with Rocky Mountain Community Radio, part of a series of episodes started this year to highlight water education in other states; and, last, Thanks to Lang Elliott and the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries for the frog sound, to Blacksburg friends for the milkweeds call-out, to Virginia Tech colleagues for the emerging contaminants call-out, and to Water Education Colorado for the “Connecting the Drops” excerpt. I hope that during this year you heard lots of water-related sounds, especially those of clean, adequate water; good water management; healthy aquatic life; and safe water fun. We close out this review of 2019 with an 80-second sample of music heard on Virginia Water Radio this year, with excerpts of  “Cool Rumblins” by Kat Mills; “The Deep Blue Green” by Andrew VanNorstrand; “Cypress Canoe” by Bob Gramann; and “The Race” by The Steel Wheels. Thanks to those musicians for permission to use the selections.  And to 2019: so long, soon, and thanks for the water! MUSIC - ~82 sec From “Cool Rumblins” – “Which way now,” then closing instrumental. From “The Deep Blue Green” - “I went searching around the bend, the Shenandoah River of my dreams.  And if I ever reach the end, I’m gonna fall back into the deep blue green.” From “Cypress Canoe” – “But ‘til then I’ll remember the home of my youth, as I paddle around in my cypress canoe.” From “The Race” – “Tempests turn and the winds are wailing. Oh we got a race that must be run, oh we got a race that must be run. Oh we got a race that must be run, oh we got a race that must be run.” SHIP’S BELL Virginia Water Radio is produced by the Virginia Water Resources Research Center, part of Virginia Tech’s College of Natural Resources and Environment.  For more Virginia water sounds, music, or information, visit us online at virginiawaterradio.org, or call the Water Center at (540) 231-5624.  Thanks to Stewart Scales for his banjo version of Cripple Creek to open and close this show.  In Blacksburg, I’m Alan Raflo, thanking you for listening, and wishing you health, wisdom, and good water. AUDIO NOTES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Click here if you’d like to hear the full version (1 min./11 sec.) of the “Cripple Creek” arrangement/performance by Stewart Scales that opens and closes this episode.  More information about Mr. Scales and the group New Standard, with which Mr. Scales plays, is available online at http://newstandardbluegrass.com. Sounds Used (Unless noted otherwise, sounds were recorded by Virginia Water Radio.) The sounds of Whites Ferry were recorded on January 11, 2019, during a regular trip across the Potomac River near Leesburg in Loudoun County, Va.  The sounds were featured in Episode 457, 1-18-19. The sleet sound was recorded on February 17, 2019, in Blacksburg, Va.  The soun

Click to listen to episode (4:47) Sections below are the following: Transcript of Audio Audio Notes and Acknowledgments Images Extra Information Sources Related Water Radio Episodes For Virginia Teachers (Relevant SOLs, etc.). Unless otherwise noted, all Web addresses mentioned were functional as of 12-13-19. TRANSCRIPT OF AUDIO From the Cumberland Gap to the Atlantic Ocean, this is Virginia Water Radio for the week of December 16, 2019.  This episode is a revised repeat of an episode from October 2011. MUSIC – ~9 sec This week, we feature an instrumental musical selection about a group of trees that are famous for spring sap, summer shade, and fall colors, but which are less recognized for their distinctive wintertime bark, buds, and twigs.  Have a listen to the music for about another 30 seconds, and see if you know this group of trees.  And here’s a hint: their sugary product is a STAPLE on pancakes. MUSIC - ~30 sec If you guessed maples, you’re right!  You’ve been listening to part of a medley called “Wind in the Maples/Sugartree Branch,” by Timothy Seaman of Williamsburg, Va., from the 2002 album “Sycamore Rapids.”  “Wind in the Maples” was written particularly for Red Maple, and “Sugartree Branch” refers to Sugar Maples and an approximately two-mile long stream in the St. Mary’s River Wilderness area of Augusta County.  Red Maple and Sugar Maple are two of the eight species of maple native to Virginia.  Besides the eight native species, 16 other maple species occur in the Commonwealth, either cultivated (such as the Japanese Maple) or having escaped from cultivation and become established (such as the Norway Maple). Collectively, the native maples are found all across Virginia: from cool, shady mountain slopes preferred by Sugar, Striped, and Mountain Maple; to riverside and floodplain habitats preferred by Silver Maple; to the wide range of soil conditions and habitats suitable for Red Maple, found from dry mountain slopes to the Dismal Swamp.  Red Maple is, in fact, the most numerous tree species in Virginia forests, according to a 2017 report by the U.S. Forest Service. Within their various habitats, maples join with many other trees in having significant influences on water resources: improving water quality, modifying flow, and providing food, cover, and shelter for wildlife. Less productive than in spring, less energetic than in summer, and less colorful than in fall, maples in winter offer a seasonal still-life, with their twigs showing the growth of past years and their buds enclosing the growth-generating tissue of the year to come. Thanks to Timothy Seaman for permission to use this week’s music.  And in keeping with the slow, still pace of winter during a maple tree’s year, we close with about 15 seconds from the quiet ending of “Wind in the Maples/Sugartree Branch.” MUSIC – ~16 sec SHIP’S BELL Virginia Water Radio is produced by the Virginia Water Resources Research Center, part of Virginia Tech’s College of Natural Resources and Environment.  For more Virginia water sounds, music, or information, visit us online at virginiawaterradio.org, or call the Water Center at (540) 231-5624.  Thanks to Ben Cosgrove for his version of “Shenandoah” to open and close the show.  In Blacksburg, I’m Alan Raflo, thanking you for listening, and wishing you health, wisdom, and good water. AUDIO NOTES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This episode revises and replaces Episode 84, 10-17-11, and the “Water Sounds and Music” segment of Episode 47, 12-10. Thanks to Lesley Howard, John Peterson, and John Seiler for their help with this episode. “Wind in the Maples/Sugartree Branch,” from the 2002 album “Sycamore Rapids,” is copyright by Timothy Seaman and Pine Wind Music, used with permission.  More information about Timothy Seaman is available online at https://timothyseaman.com/en/. Click here if you’d like to hear the full version (2 min./22 sec.) of the “Shenandoah” arrangement

Click to listen to episode (3:28) Sections below are the following: Transcript of Audio Audio Notes and Acknowledgments Images Extra Information Sources Related Water Radio Episodes For Virginia Teachers (Relevant SOLs, etc.). Unless otherwise noted, all Web addresses mentioned were functional as of 12-6-19. TRANSCRIPT OF AUDIO From the Cumberland Gap to the Atlantic Ocean, this is Virginia Water Radio for the week of December 9, 2019. This week, we feature a faraway migrant mystery sound.  Have a listen for about 10 seconds, and see if you know this creature that migrates from Arctic shores to the mid-Atlantic coast for the winter.  And here’s a hint: the name rhymes, partially, with that of another, more legendary, winter traveler from the North Pole. SOUNDS - ~10 sec If you guessed the Brant, you’re right!  You don’t have to believe in Santa to appreciate the long trip that this relatively small and dark-colored goose makes from its summer breeding grounds in northern Canada and Greenland to wintering areas along the Atlantic from Massachusetts to North Carolina, including coastal Virginia and the Chesapeake Bay region.  That’s the pathway for eastern sub-populations of the species; western sub-populations migrate between Arctic parts of Canada and Alaska and the Pacific coastline. One of eight species of goose native to North America, Brant live in a variety of saltwater or estuarine habitats, especially areas inhabited by its preferred aquatic plant food, Eelgrass [Zostera marina].  Brant will eat various other aquatic plants, too, and juveniles of the species will consume insects, crustaceans, and other animals.  But, according to the Cornell Lab of Ornithology in New York, Brant are more dependent on a single food type than other geese species, and this dependence can make Brant more vulnerable than other geese to starvation in some years. In the 1800s, John James Audubon described the Brant as, quote, “a shy bird, not easily approached; it swims well, and when wounded can dive with great expertness.”  Audubon also remarked that “the extent of the migrations of this species remains as yet unknown.”  Two hundred years later, the Cornell Lab can still note that, while the species has been widely studied, much is yet to be learned about the Brant. Thanks to Lang Elliott for permission to use this week’s sounds, from the Stokes Field Guide to Bird Songs.  And we close by letting a bunch of Brant have the last call. SOUNDS - ~4 sec SHIP’S BELL Virginia Water Radio is produced by the Virginia Water Resources Research Center, part of Virginia Tech’s College of Natural Resources and Environment.  For more Virginia water sounds, music, or information, visit us online at virginiawaterradio.org, or call the Water Center at (540) 231-5624.  Thanks to Stewart Scales for his banjo version of Cripple Creek to open and close this show.  In Blacksburg, I’m Alan Raflo, thanking you for listening, and wishing you health, wisdom, and good water. AUDIO NOTES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Brant sounds were from the Stokes Field Guide to Bird Songs-Eastern Region CD set, by Lang Elliott with Donald and Lillian Stokes (Time Warner Audio Books, copyright 1997), used with permission of Lang Elliott, whose work is available online at the “Music of Nature” Web site, http://www.musicofnature.org/. Click here if you’d like to hear the full version (1 min./11 sec.) of the “Cripple Creek” arrangement/performance by Stewart Scales that opens and closes this episode.   More information about Mr. Scales and the group New Standard, with which Mr. Scales plays, is available online at http://newstandardbluegrass.com. IMAGES Brant Goose painting originally published between 1827 and 1838 by John James Audubon in Birds of America (plate CCCXCI [391]).   Image made available for public use by The National Audubon Society, online at https://www.audubon.org/birds-of-america; specific URL for the im

Click to listen to episode (4:53) Sections below are the following: Transcript of Audio Audio Notes and Acknowledgments Images Extra Information Sources Related Water Radio Episodes For Virginia Teachers (Relevant SOLs, etc.). Unless otherwise noted, all Web addresses mentioned were functional as of 11-29-19. TRANSCRIPT OF AUDIO From the Cumberland Gap to the Atlantic Ocean, this is Virginia Water Radio for the week of December 2, 2019. MUSIC – ~10 sec This week, that excerpt of the traditional tune “Cold Frosty Morn’,” performed by the southwestern Virginia group New Standard, opens our annual episode on winter preparedness. In 2019, winter comes to Virginia on December 21 at 11:19 p.m.  That’s the Eastern Standard time of the winter solstice in the Northern Hemisphere, when that hemisphere is at its maximum annual tilt away from the sun. To help you be prepared for winter’s cold temperatures, hazardous roads, power outages, and fire hazards, here are 12 tips from the Virginia Department of Emergency Management, Federal Emergency Management Agency, U.S. Fire Administration, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1. Avoid traveling in winter-storm conditions if you can. If you must travel, get road conditions from the Virginia 511 telephone system, Web site, or app. 2. Have an emergency kit for your vehicle, including jumper cables, water, non-perishable food, blankets, a flashlight, and other items. 3. Have a battery-powered or hand-cranked radio, especially one with a NOAA [National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration] weather band. 4. Get fireplaces, wood stoves, and chimneys inspected and cleaned. 5. Install a smoke detector in every bedroom and on every floor level, test them monthly, and replace the batteries every six months. 6. Install a carbon monoxide detector in your home and check or replace the battery every six months. 7. If you use space heaters, plug them into wall outlets, not into extension cords; keep heaters at least three feet from other objects; don’t leave heaters unattended; and check for cracked or damaged wires or plugs. 8. Generators, camp stoves, and other devices that burn gasoline or charcoal should be used outdoors only. 9. Whenever possible, use flashlights and not candles during power outages.  If you use candles, put them in safe holders away from anything flammable, and don’t leave a burning candle unattended. 10. Learn how to shut off water valves in case a pipe bursts. 11. Be careful of overexertion during snow shoveling. And 12. Make a family emergency plan that covers sheltering; evacuation; emergency meeting places; communications; a supply of food, water, and medications; and other factors specific to your circumstances. More information on preparing for winter weather, fires, and other emergencies is available from the Virginia Department of Emergency Management, online at the “Prepare” link of vaemergency.gov. Next time the forecast calls for snow, sleet, freezing rain, or other wintry weather, here’s hoping that you can stay warm, dry, and safe. Thanks to New Standard for permission to use this week’s music, and we close with about 20 more seconds of “Cold Frosty Morn’.” MUSIC – ~21 sec - instrumental SHIP’S BELL Virginia Water Radio is produced by the Virginia Water Resources Research Center, part of Virginia Tech’s College of Natural Resources and Environment.  For more Virginia water sounds, music, or information, visit us online at virginiawaterradio.org, or call the Water Center at (540) 231-5624.  Thanks to Ben Cosgrove for his version of “Shenandoah” to open and close the show.  In Blacksburg, I’m Alan Raflo, thanking you for listening, and wishing you health, wisdom, and good water. AUDIO NOTES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The performance of “Cold Frosty Morn’” heard here is copyright by New Standard, from the 2016 album “Bluegrass,” used with permission.  More information about New Standard is available online at http://newstandardbluegrass.

Click to listen to episode (5:55) Sections below are the following: Transcript of Audio Audio Notes and Acknowledgments Images Related Water Radio Episodes For Virginia Teachers (Relevant SOLs, etc.). Unless otherwise noted, all Web addresses mentioned were functional as of 11-22-19. TRANSCRIPT OF AUDIO From the Cumberland Gap to the Atlantic Ocean, this is Virginia Water Radio for the week of November 25, 2019. This Thanksgiving week marks the 500th episode of Virginia Water Radio, which began nearly 10 years ago.  For that milestone, this episode revisits 10 previously featured mystery sounds or voices.  After each audio segment, I’ll identify a related aspect Virginia’s common wealth of water that this program has aimed to explore. Have a listen! 1. SOUND - ~3 sec – A chorus of Springs Peepers and an American Toad represents frogs, birds, and other audible aquatic life. 2. VOICE - ~4 sec - A call-out of aquatic plant names represents aquatic creatures or phenomena that don’t make sounds. 3. SOUND - ~5 sec - The James River at Richmond represents stories of Virginia’s waterways and other aquatic places. 4. SOUND - ~6 sec – Boats on the New River represent uses of waterways as well as waterway safety and stewardship. 5. VOICES - ~6 sec – A call-out of some of 2019’s tropical cyclone names represents weather and other water cycle events. 6. VOICES - ~7 sec – The opening of the Virginia General Assembly in 2017 represents governmental entities that affect water. 7. VOICE - ~6 sec – An excerpt from a promotion by WHRO radio in Norfolk for citizens to help measure the annual “king tide” represents citizen involvement with water resources. 8. SOUND - ~6 sec – A restored, 19th Century, water-driven mill wheel in Craig County represents water’s historical connections and influences. 9. SOUND - ~5 sec – A boiling tea kettle represents physical and chemical properties that make water a widespread and versatile substance. 10. SOUND and VOICE - ~7 sec – And a visit with a Virginia Tech graduate student represents the work of water scientists. Virginia Water Radio looks forward to more exploration of all of these subject areas.   Likewise, we hope to continue finding water-related music, either by Virginians or about Virginia waters.  So we close this 500th episode with about 90 seconds of samples from musicians featured in many previous episodes: The Steel Wheels, Timothy Seaman, No Strings Attached, Torrin Hallett, Bob Gramann, Chamomile and Whiskey, and Kat Mills.  Thanks to those musicians and to all the other collaborators who have helped make this show possible, especially Patrick Fay, who helped create the show in 2010.  We hope they, and you, have liked the outcomes. Now here’s the music, and… VOICES - ~3 sec – “Happy Thanksgiving!” MUSIC - ~84 sec The Steel Wheels – “Rain in the Valley” – ~7 sec – “There’s a rain comin’ down in the valley.” Timothy Seaman – “Drive the Cold Winter Away” – ~11 sec – instrumental. No Strings Attached – “Minor Meander” – ~11 sec – instrumental. Torrin Hallett – “Geese Piece” – ~11 sec – instrumental. Bob Gramann – “Pack of Neurons” – ~10 sec – “Well you’re nothin’ but a pack of neurons, in a shapely bag goo. All you thoughts and dreams, your hopes and schemes are electrochemical, too.” Chamomile and Whiskey – ~11 sec - “Driving Rain” – ~sec – “Reflections in the window pane fallin’ in love, in the drivin’ rain.” Kat Mills – “On a Ship” – ~23 sec – “We are riding on a ship.” SHIP’S BELL Virginia Water Radio is produced by the Virginia Water Resources Research Center, part of Virginia Tech’s College of Natural Resources and Environment.  For more Virginia water sounds, music, or information, visit us online at virginiawaterradio.org, or call the Water Center at (540) 231-5624.  Thanks to Stewart Scales for his banjo version of Cripple Creek to open and close this show.  In Blacksburg, I’m Alan Raflo, thanking you for listening, and wishing you health, wisdo

Click to listen to episode (4:29) Sections below are the following: Transcript of Audio Audio Notes and Acknowledgments Image Extra Information Sources Related Water Radio Episodes For Virginia Teachers (Relevant SOLs, etc.). Unless otherwise noted, all Web addresses mentioned were functional as of 11-15-19. TRANSCRIPT OF AUDIO From the Cumberland Gap to the Atlantic Ocean, this is Virginia Water Radio for the week of November 18, 2019. SOUNDS (CROWD NOISE) - ~ 4 seconds This week, imagine you’re at a water conference among a crowd gathered for a panel discussion on this question: “What’s in the water about which we don’t know enough?”  Have a listen for about 15 seconds to some answers that that panel might give. VOICES - ~15 sec – “Pharmaceuticals and personal care products, flame retardants, hormones, perfluorinated compounds, antibiotics, microplastics and microfibers, engineered nanomaterials.” You’ve been listening to the names of seven categories of substances known collectively as “emerging contaminants,” or more precisely, “contaminants of emerging concern”--CECs for short.  According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, aquatic CECs are substances which have been found in surface waters or groundwater and which may have harmful effects on aquatic life or human health, but which are not currently regulated or routinely monitored.  Some CECs have only recently been detected in water bodies, while others have previously been known to occur but their presence or significance is only now becoming a concern. The seven groups of CECs you heard called out are the subject of “Emerging Contaminants in the Waters of Virginia,” an October 2019 report by the Academic Advisory Committee to the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality.  The report was written by Kang Xia of Virginia Tech and published by the Virginia Water Resources Research Center, which coordinates the Academic Advisory Committee. Here are some important points from the report. CECs can be found in water, sediments, aquatic organisms, and soils. Major sources of these seven groups of CECs are wastewater, the biosolids remaining after wastewater treatment, animal manure, solid-waste landfills, and atmospheric deposition. These groups of CECs can include many individual substances; for example, over 3000 substances are currently known in the perfluorinated compounds group.  The large number of substances presents analytical and monitoring challenges. Antibiotics have been reported from water, groundwater, and drinking water in Virginia, potentially contributing to the development of antibiotic resistance, and the World Health Organization has called antibiotic resistance one of the most important global health challenges of the 21st Century. Microplastics—either those used in many items such as textiles and personal care products, or those resulting from disintegration of plastic debris—are found in many aquatic environments and organisms, but relatively research has been done on their occurrence in Virginia. And, overall, despite the valuable contributions of this new report, much is still unknown about the occurrence of CECs in Virginia and the risks they may pose. The report is available through the Virginia Water Center’s Web site at vwrrc.vt.edu. Thanks to several Virginia Tech colleagues for lending their voices to this episode. SHIP’S BELL Virginia Water Radio is produced by the Virginia Water Resources Research Center, part of Virginia Tech’s College of Natural Resources and Environment.  For more Virginia water sounds, music, or information, visit us online at virginiawaterradio.org, or call the Water Center at (540) 231-5624.  Thanks to Ben Cosgrove for his version of “Shenandoah” to open and close the show.  In Blacksburg, I’m Alan Raflo, thanking you for listening, and wishing you health, wisdom, and good water. AUDIO NOTES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The emerging contaminant category names were spoken by six

Click to listen to episode (5:04) Sections below are the following: Transcript of Audio Audio Notes and Acknowledgments Images Extra Information Sources Related Water Radio Episodes For Virginia Teachers (Relevant SOLs, etc.). Unless otherwise noted, all Web addresses mentioned were functional as of 11-8-19. TRANSCRIPT OF AUDIO From the Cumberland Gap to the Atlantic Ocean, this is Virginia Water Radio for the week of November 11, 2019.  This is a revised repeat of a Veterans Day episode from November 2013. MUSIC – ~4 sec – instrumental That opening flourish of “Armed Forces Medley,” by the U.S. Army Ceremonial Band, opens an episode in recognition of Veterans Day on November 11.  This year marks the 100th anniversary of President Woodrow Wilson’s November 1919 proclamation of the first annual commemoration of “Armistice Day,” the end of World War I on November 11, 1918.  Wilson’s proclamation, along with state observances, started an annual tradition that became a national legal holiday in 1938 and, in 1954, was designated by Congress as Veterans Day. In this episode of Virginia Water Radio, we first honor U.S. military service members with excerpts from the anthems of all five branches of the armed forces, and then we note some connections between Virginia’s water resources and the nation’s military.  Have a listen for about 90 seconds to the anthem excerpts, all from the Army Ceremonial Band’s version of “Armed Forces Medley.” MUSIC - ~1 min/26 sec – instrumental You heard parts of the Coast Guard anthem “Semper Paratus” [“Always Ready”], “The Air Force Song,” the Navy anthem “Anchors Aweigh,” “The Marines Hymn,” and “The Army Goes Rolling Along.” Since the Revolutionary War, Virginia’s coastal location and water-rich geography have made the Commonwealth a site for military bases, ship-building, training, research, and other activities now reaching across all five service branches.   Today, Virginia is home to over two dozen active military bases or other facilities.  Operations on, across, or over water are part of the mission of every armed service, and, in Virginia, water is part of the setting for many military facilities, from Navy, Coast Guard, and joint-force bases in the Hampton Roads region; to the Marines’ base along Quantico Creek and the Potomac River; to the Radford Army Ammunition Plant along the New River in southwestern Virginia. On Veterans Day and all year round, thanks to all U.S. service members, past and present.  Thanks also to the U.S. Army Ceremonial Band for making this week’s music available for public use, and we close with the ending flourish of “Armed Forces Medley.” MUSIC - ~9 sec – instrumental SHIP’S BELL Virginia Water Radio is produced by the Virginia Water Resources Research Center, part of Virginia Tech’s College of Natural Resources and Environment.   For more Virginia water sounds, music, or information, visit us online at virginiawaterradio.org, or call the Water Center at (540) 231-5624.  Thanks to Stewart Scales for his banjo version of Cripple Creek to open and close this show.   In Blacksburg, I’m Alan Raflo, thanking you for listening, and wishing you health, wisdom, and good water. AUDIO NOTES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This Virginia Water Radio episode revises and replaces Episode 187, 11-11-13. The version of “Armed Forces Medley” heard here was performed by the United States Army Ceremonial Band, accessed at the “Ceremonial Music Guide” page, online at https://www.usarmyband.com/watch-listen/ceremonial-music-guide.html, 11-6-19.  That page states, “All music files on this page are free for download and duplication.” Click here if you’d like to hear the full version (1 min./11 sec.) of the “Cripple Creek” arrangement/performance by Stewart Scales that opens and closes this episode.  More information about Mr. Scales and the group New Standard, with which Mr. Scales plays, is available online at http://newstandardbluegrass.co

Click to listen to episode (5:26) Sections below are the following: Transcript of Audio Audio Notes and Acknowledgments Images Sources Related Water Radio Episodes For Virginia Teachers (Relevant SOLs, etc.). Unless otherwise noted, all Web addresses mentioned were functional as of 11-1-19. TRANSCRIPT OF AUDIO From the Cumberland Gap to the Atlantic Ocean, this is Virginia Water Radio for the week of November 4, 2019.  This week we present another of our occasional episodes on water-related radio programs outside of Virginia. SOUND – ~19 sec – from “The Fork Not Taken,” May 10, 2019 - “For most of the 19th Century, dam construction was the dominant solution for most of the water issues in the United States.” Historical recording: “The river had to be regulated, controlled at a year-round flow. No more floods, no more droughts.” That historical perspective on dams in the United States is from an episode in the “Connecting the Drops” program from Water Education Colorado, in partnership with Rocky Mountain Community Radio stations.  Water Education Colorado was formed in 2002 and was known until 2017 as the Colorado Foundation for Water Education.  According to its Web site, the organization is, quote, “on a mission to promote a better understanding of Colorado’s water resources and issues by providing balanced and accurate information, education, and leadership.”  The organization’s activities include a compilation of water news headlines, a magazine, a series of citizen’s guides to water topics, a number of special programs and events, and, since 2013, the “Connecting the Drops” radio program.  Done in collaboration with community radio stations across Colorado, the episodes range from about 4 to 8 minutes, and the topics range from bacteria in waterways, to climate change effects on ski resorts, to forecasting water availability.  Let’s have a listen for about two minutes to excerpts from four episodes: on grease in wastewater, wastewater recycling in beer brewing, aquatic nuisance species, and monitoring for lead in school water systems. SOUNDS - ~1 min/55 sec From “When Not to Flush,” April 4, 2019, ~34 sec – “The sound and smell of bacon frying is a pretty common occurrence in households on weekend mornings.  Now imagine this happening in millions of households around the state and then imagine the cumulative effect of all those greasy frying pans getting washed.  It’s something Liam Cavanaugh, director of operations for Metro Wastewater Reclamation District thinks about frequently. ‘If you think about 2 million people worth of wastewater, that’s a lot of wastewater and so if every household is dumping their bacon grease down the drain on Sunday morning, that can cause a lot of problems in the piping systems and here at the treatment facility.’ From “Beverages Brewed with Reclaimed Wastewater Advance Reuse,” November 7, 2018, ~23 sec. – “Colorado is known for its adventurous and innovative microbrew industry.  But, the beer served in October at the Recycled Water Fest, southeast of Denver, takes that reputation to a whole new level.  This beer, and the wine on offer, [were] made with water taken from a wastewater treatment plant. From “Searching for Aquatic Nuisance Species,” October 15, 2017, ~22 sec. – “Colorado Parks and Wildlife define an aquatic nuisance species, or ANS, as [the following]: ‘An aquatic nuisance species is a non-native species that has been introduced to a new location, has no predators, and has harmful impacts on our natural resources and the human use of those resources.’” From “Monitoring for Lead in Schools,” May 5, 2017, ~32 sec. – “Water is so good for health, Jefferson County’s Stober Elementary strives to make it the favorite drink.  Fourth grader Aram says it’s perfect after exercise.  ‘When I play capture the flag I get a really quick drink.’ He heads to his favorite water fountain.  ‘Tastes really good. And, tastes cold.’ 

Click to listen to episode (4:40) Sections below are the following: Transcript of Audio Audio Notes and Acknowledgments Images Sources Related Water Radio Episodes For Virginia Teachers (Relevant SOLs, etc.). Unless otherwise noted, all Web addresses mentioned were functional as of 10-25-19. TRANSCRIPT OF AUDIO From the Cumberland Gap to the Atlantic Ocean, this is Virginia Water Radio for the week of October 28, 2019. SOUNDS and MUSIC (instrumental) - ~20 seconds This week, the sounds of waves, shorebirds, and the traditional tune “East Virginia,” performed by Timothy Seaman of Williamsburg, set up a Virginia water geography question: what large water body is connected to those sounds and to Virginia from east to west? That’s the Chesapeake Bay, whose watershed in Virginia stretches from the eastern coastline to the western mountains.  Now here’s a more difficult question: what organization that’s deeply involved in Bay restoration turns 40 years old in 2020?  Have a listen for about 25 seconds to more of “East Virginia,” and see if you know that organization. MUSIC (instrumental) -~27 seconds If you guessed the Chesapeake Bay Commission, you’re right!  Formed in 1980, the Commission is a key partner in efforts to restore the water quality, aquatic life, and economic vitality of the Chesapeake.  The Commission’s 21 members include five legislators each from Maryland, Virginia, and Pennsylvania; those states’ governor’s cabinet members responsible for natural resources; and three citizen representatives.  The Commission is particularly involved in legislative aspects of Bay restoration, both in the states and at the federal level, including through the federal Farm Bill.  It works to coordinate policies among the Bay jurisdictions through shared research and information, and through participation in multi-jurisdictional Bay agreements in 1983, 1987, 2000, and 2014. Today, after decades of work, and with the Chesapeake Bay Total Maximum Daily Load process ongoing, the Commission’s Web site notes that Bay restoration continues to face, quote, “daunting challenges,” and that “sufficient resources [and] equitable policies” are needed to “keep the restoration effort on track.” The Commission continues its part of that effort at its next quarterly meeting on November 7th and 8th, 2019, in Baltimore. Thanks to Timothy Seaman for permission to use part of “East Virginia.”  And to acknowledge the Chesapeake Bay connection across Virginia, we close with a Shenandoah River musical reference. Here’s part of “The Deep Blue Green,” by Andrew VanNorstrand [from his 2019 album, “That We Could Find a Way To Be”]. MUSIC - 33 seconds – “I went searching around the bend, the Shenandoah River of my dreams.  And if I ever reach the end, I’m gonna fall back into the deep blue green.” SHIP’S BELL Virginia Water Radio is produced by the Virginia Water Resources Research Center, part of Virginia Tech’s College of Natural Resources and Environment.  For more Virginia water sounds, music, or information, visit us online at virginiawaterradio.org, or call the Water Center at (540) 231-5624.  Thanks to Stewart Scales for his banjo version of Cripple Creek to open and close this show.   In Blacksburg, I’m Alan Raflo, thanking you for listening, and wishing you health, wisdom, and good water. AUDIO NOTES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The waves sound was recorded by Virginia Water Radio at the Chesapeake Bay on Kent Island, Maryland, June 22, 2010. The shorebirds sound was taken from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife National Digital Library, http://digitalmedia.fws.gov/cdm/; the specific audio file was “Shorebirds close,” online at https://digitalmedia.fws.gov/digital/collection/audio/id/66/rec/8. The version heard here of “East Virginia,” from the 2006 album, “Jamestown: On the Edge of a Vast Continent,” is copyright by Timothy Seaman and Pine Wind Music, used with permission.  More information about Timothy Seama

Click to listen to episode (5:16) Sections below are the following: Transcript of Audio Audio Notes and Acknowledgments Images Extra Information Sources Related Water Radio Episodes For Virginia Teachers (Relevant SOLs, etc.). Unless otherwise noted, all Web addresses mentioned were functional as of 10-18-19. TRANSCRIPT OF AUDIO From the Cumberland Gap to the Atlantic Ocean, this is Virginia Water Radio for the week of October 21, 2019. MUSIC (instrumental) – ~9 sec This week, that excerpt of “Out the Window,” by No Strings Attached, sets the tone for an episode on Virginia’s comprehensive plan for outdoor recreation, land conservation, and open-space planning.  Have a listen for about 40 seconds to some more of the music, along with a series of outdoor mystery sounds, and see if you know the name of this plan. MUSIC (instrumental) and SOUNDS - ~41 sec If you guessed the Virginia Outdoors Plan, you’re right!  You heard sounds of hiking, a waterfall visit, boating, fishing, and a winter-time river swim for charity.  Those are a small sample of the many ways that Virginians visit, view, and experience the outdoors.  The Virginia Outdoors Plan is the Commonwealth’s guide to identifying and managing outdoor recreation resources, activities, needs, and challenges.  The plan is produced by the Department of Conservation and Recreation, or DCR, every five years.  The first plan was developed in 1965; the most recent update is the 2018 edition, published in February 2019.  Some of the topics covered in the 2018 plan are land and water outdoor resources, the economics of recreation, connections between recreation and health, and funding issues in recreation and land conservation. In recent years the DCR has also had a Virginia Outdoors Demand Survey done by university partners, most recently in 2017.  That survey’s findings on citizens’ current outdoor activities and needs were used in developing the Outdoors Plan.  One highlight of the survey is its list of Virginians’ top outdoor activities by percent of households participating: the top five currently are visiting natural areas, driving for pleasure, walking for pleasure, visiting parks, and swimming in pools. This fall, the DCR is gathering information on the Outdoors Plan through a series of public input sessions in each of the state’s 21 planning districts or regions.  Running from October 10 to December 5, the meetings are aimed to help the DCR learn what’s happening with the 2018 plan and to identify trends that may be relevant to developing the next plan in 2023. The most recent Outdoors Demand Survey found that having access to outdoor recreation opportunities was “very important” to 70 percent of respondents, and protecting natural areas was “very important” to almost 82 percent.  The ongoing process of the Virginia Outdoors Plan helps guide efforts towards those two goals, and the public meetings this fall give you a chance to contribute your views. Thanks to No Strings Attached for permission to use this week’s music, and we close with about 25 more seconds of “Out the Window.” MUSIC (instrumental) – ~22 sec SHIP’S BELL Virginia Water Radio is produced by the Virginia Water Resources Research Center, part of Virginia Tech’s College of Natural Resources and Environment.  For more Virginia water sounds, music, or information, visit us online at virginiawaterradio.org, or call the Water Center at (540) 231-5624.  Thanks to Ben Cosgrove for his version of “Shenandoah” to open and close the show.  In Blacksburg, I’m Alan Raflo, thanking you for listening, and wishing you health, wisdom, and good water. AUDIO NOTES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Virginia Water Radio thanks Julie Buchanan, of the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, for providing information for this episode. “Out the Window,” part of “Waters of Babylon/Out the Window,” from the 1999 album “In the Vinyl Tradition Volume II, is copyright by