The initial aim was to stop Afghanistan being a safe haven for terrorist groups as it had been under the previous Taliban government. If that’s still important, how can Europe come out of this with at least the smallest scrap of credibility?

The complete failure of Western military and diplomatic efforts to bring any kind of stability to Afghanistan 20 years after 9/11 begs the question - can anything be done now?

GUESTS

Frank Ledwidge

Former Military Officer

Shafiq Hamdam

Former Deputy Senior Adviser to President Ashraf Ghani

Bruno Macaes

Former Portuguese Secretary of State for European Affairs

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