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WBM Emergency & Critical Care
By WhiteBoard MedicineEducation
WBM Emergency & Critical Care episodes
- #346 Abdominal Compartment Syndrome Explained: Physiology, Diagnosis & Management
Abdominal compartment syndrome connects elevated intra-abdominal pressure with organ dysfunction and hemodynamic deterioration. This episode reviews its pathophysiology, recognition, diagnosis, and management, emphasizing the distinction between intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome.
Topics covered include:
• Intra-abdominal hypertension versus abdominal compartment syndrome• Causes and risk factors for elevated intra-abdominal pressure• Effects on venous return, cardiac output, and organ perfusion• Diaphragmatic displacement and changes in respiratory mechanics• Kidney dysfunction and reduced urine output• Clinical findings and limitations of physical examination• Measuring intra-abdominal pressure using bladder pressure• Abdominal perfusion pressure and its interpretation• Diagnostic criteria and severity assessment• Medical management and abdominal decompression strategies• Fluid balance and reassessment• Surgical decompression and escalation of careThe discussion connects abdominal pressure with cardiovascular, respiratory, and renal physiology, providing a structured approach to recognizing pressure-related organ dysfunction in critical illness.
🎥 Watch the Full Video on YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TXgj-7JLLHQ📚 Want More Emergency & Critical Care Medicine Education?
Join the WhiteBoard Medicine Patreon community:https://www.patreon.com/WhiteBoardMedicinePatreon members receive access to:• Downloadable Study Guides• Clinical One-Pagers• Practice Questions• Mini-Courses• Comprehensive Clinical Reviews• Ad-Free Videos• Early Access Content🌐 WhiteBoard Medicine Website
Explore our library of emergency medicine and critical care education:https://www.whiteboardmedicine.com⚠️ Educational Disclaimer:
This content is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, clinical judgment, or individualized patient care.Full disclaimer: https://whiteboardmedicine.com/disclaimer30 min - #345 How to Titrate PEEP: Driving Pressure, Stress Index, Lung Compliance, Oxygenation & Hemodynamics
PEEP titration can improve oxygenation even as respiratory system compliance worsens or blood pressure falls. This episode examines how to assess a change in positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) by interpreting driving pressure, compliance, oxygenation, and hemodynamics together. The goal is to distinguish a response consistent with alveolar recruitment from one that raises concern for overdistension or circulatory compromise.
Topics covered include:
• Alveolar recruitment versus overdistension during a PEEP adjustment• Calculating driving pressure from plateau pressure and total PEEP• Interpreting changes in driving pressure at a constant tidal volume• Assessing what improved oxygenation can and cannot reveal about recruitment• Effects of PEEP on venous return, right ventricular loading, and cardiac output• Reassessing respiratory mechanics and blood pressure after each adjustment🎥 Watch the Full Video on YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6TsozD6J0c📚 Want More Emergency & Critical Care Medicine Education?
Join the WhiteBoard Medicine Patreon community:https://www.patreon.com/WhiteBoardMedicinePatreon members receive access to:• Downloadable Study Guides• Clinical One-Pagers• Practice Questions• Mini-Courses• Comprehensive Clinical Reviews• Ad-Free Videos• Early Access Content🌐 WhiteBoard Medicine Website
Explore our library of emergency medicine and critical care education:https://www.whiteboardmedicine.com⚠️ Educational Disclaimer:
This content is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, clinical judgment, or individualized patient care.Full disclaimer: https://whiteboardmedicine.com/disclaimer20 min - #344 Severe Alcohol Withdrawal Explained: Recognition, Seizures, Delirium Tremens & Management
Withdrawal seizures and delirium tremens are two distinct complications of severe alcohol withdrawal. This episode examines how the timing of symptoms after a reduction in alcohol intake, signs of autonomic hyperactivity, and changes in attention and awareness help distinguish these presentations. The discussion then turns to benzodiazepines, the role of phenobarbital, and when worsening withdrawal warrants intensive care.
Topics covered include:
• Alcohol withdrawal physiology and symptom onset• Tremor, agitation, and autonomic signs of worsening withdrawal• Alcohol withdrawal seizures and alternative causes of seizures• Recognition of alcohol withdrawal delirium (delirium tremens)• Benzodiazepines and phenobarbital in severe withdrawal management• Reassessment of treatment response and escalation of care in the ED and ICU🎥 Watch the Full Video on YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLdTV4aqurE📚 Want More Emergency & Critical Care Medicine Education?
Join the WhiteBoard Medicine Patreon community:https://www.patreon.com/WhiteBoardMedicinePatreon members receive access to:• Downloadable Study Guides• Clinical One-Pagers• Practice Questions• Mini-Courses• Comprehensive Clinical Reviews• Ad-Free Videos• Early Access Content🌐 WhiteBoard Medicine Website
Explore our library of emergency medicine and critical care education:https://www.whiteboardmedicine.com⚠️ Educational Disclaimer:
This content is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, clinical judgment, or individualized patient care.Full disclaimer: https://whiteboardmedicine.com/disclaimer41 min - #343 SVT & AVNRT Explained: ECG Recognition, Mechanisms & Management
Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) encompasses several arrhythmias, including atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT). This comprehensive episode combines an overview of SVT with a focused review of AVNRT, connecting ECG recognition, reentry mechanisms, and clinical management.
***Of note, this episode has a lot of visual drawings and may not be optimal to listen to without seeing the video as well
Topics covered include:
• Supraventricular tachycardia terminology and classification• AVNRT as a mechanism of paroxysmal SVT• Atrioventricular nodal physiology and reentry• Fast and slow AV nodal pathways• Recognition of regular narrow-complex tachycardia• P-wave visibility and relationships to the QRS complex• ECG features that support AVNRT recognition• Differential diagnosis of supraventricular tachycardia• Assessment of symptoms and hemodynamic stability• Vagal maneuvers and adenosine considerations• Synchronized cardioversion considerations• Recurrent episodes and catheter ablationThe discussion connects the electrical mechanism of tachycardia with its ECG appearance and management, emphasizing the distinction between the broader category of SVT and the specific mechanism of AVNRT.
🎥 Watch the Full Video on YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Iq4yNlVOyU📚 Want More Emergency & Critical Care Medicine Education?
Join the WhiteBoard Medicine Patreon community:https://www.patreon.com/WhiteBoardMedicinePatreon members receive access to:• Downloadable Study Guides• Clinical One-Pagers• Practice Questions• Mini-Courses• Comprehensive Clinical Reviews• Ad-Free Videos• Early Access Content🌐 WhiteBoard Medicine Website
Explore our growing library of critical care and emergency medicine content:https://www.whiteboardmedicine.com⚠️ Educational Disclaimer:
This content is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, clinical judgment, or individualized patient care. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of this content.Full disclaimer: https://whiteboardmedicine.com/disclaimer30 min - #342 TIPS, Esophageal Variceal Bleeding & Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Cirrhosis Masterclass
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), esophageal variceal bleeding, and hepatic encephalopathy are closely connected through the physiology of portal hypertension and portosystemic shunting. This cirrhosis masterclass brings together comprehensive reviews of all three topics, examining their mechanisms, clinical presentation, and management considerations.
Topics covered include:
• Portal hypertension and portosystemic circulation• TIPS anatomy, mechanism, and hemodynamic effects• Clinical indications and patient selection considerations• Esophageal varices and the mechanisms of variceal bleeding• Evaluation and management principles for acute variceal hemorrhage• The role of TIPS in managing variceal bleeding• Hepatic encephalopathy pathophysiology and clinical presentation• Portosystemic shunting and ammonia metabolism• Recognition of precipitating factors for encephalopathy• TIPS-associated hepatic encephalopathy• Treatment principles and monitoring considerations• Balancing portal decompression with encephalopathy riskThe discussion connects complications of cirrhosis with the physiologic effects of TIPS, emphasizing how changes in portal blood flow influence both bleeding control and encephalopathy.
🎥 Watch the Full Video on YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qPGp4BQv6fA📚 Want More Emergency & Critical Care Medicine Education?
Join the WhiteBoard Medicine Patreon community:https://www.patreon.com/WhiteBoardMedicinePatreon members receive access to:• Downloadable Study Guides• Clinical One-Pagers• Practice Questions• Mini-Courses• Comprehensive Clinical Reviews• Ad-Free Videos• Early Access Content🌐 WhiteBoard Medicine Website
Explore our growing library of critical care and emergency medicine content:https://www.whiteboardmedicine.com⚠️ Educational Disclaimer:
This content is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, clinical judgment, or individualized patient care. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of this content.Full disclaimer: https://whiteboardmedicine.com/disclaimer1 hr 51 min - #341 PEEP Physiology Explained: Alveolar Recruitment, Compliance, Oxygenation & Hemodynamics
Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) influences alveolar recruitment, respiratory system compliance, gas exchange, and cardiovascular function. This deep dive examines the physiology of PEEP, connecting its effects on lung mechanics and oxygenation with venous return, right ventricular function, and cardiac output.
Topics covered include:
• Definition and physiologic purpose of PEEP• End-expiratory lung volume and alveolar stability• Alveolar recruitment versus overdistension• Pressure-volume relationships and respiratory system compliance• Effects on ventilation-perfusion matching and pulmonary shunt• Oxygenation response and its limitations• Relationships between PEEP, plateau pressure, and driving pressure• Airway pressure, pleural pressure, and transpulmonary pressure• Effects on venous return and cardiac filling• Pulmonary vascular resistance and right ventricular afterload• Left ventricular loading and cardiac output• Balancing pulmonary benefits with hemodynamic consequences• Physiologic considerations when assessing changes in PEEPThe discussion integrates respiratory and cardiovascular physiology to explain why the response to PEEP varies with lung recruitability, respiratory mechanics, and the underlying hemodynamic state.
🎥 Watch the Full Video on YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s_IEN8luuak📚 Want More Emergency & Critical Care Medicine Education?
Join the WhiteBoard Medicine Patreon community:https://www.patreon.com/WhiteBoardMedicinePatreon members receive access to:• Downloadable Study Guides• Clinical One-Pagers• Practice Questions• Mini-Courses• Comprehensive Clinical Reviews• Ad-Free Videos• Early Access Content🌐 WhiteBoard Medicine Website
Explore our growing library of critical care and emergency medicine content:https://www.whiteboardmedicine.com⚠️ Educational Disclaimer:
This content is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, clinical judgment, or individualized patient care. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of this content.Full disclaimer: https://whiteboardmedicine.com/disclaimer28 min - #340 From Sedation to Extubation: A Practical Ventilator Liberation Masterclass
Ventilator liberation integrates pain assessment, sedation management, spontaneous breathing trials, and evaluation of extubation readiness. This masterclass connects ICU assessment tools and sedation strategies with the process of transitioning from mechanical ventilation to spontaneous breathing and extubation.
Topics covered include:
• Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS)• Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT)• Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM-ICU)• Integrating pain, sedation, and delirium assessment• Comparing ICU sedation and analgesia options• Propofol, dexmedetomidine, fentanyl, and ketamine• Sedation depth and assessment of readiness for ventilator liberation• Spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) principles• Pressure support, CPAP, and T-piece trials• Rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI) and its limitations• Assessing tolerance of spontaneous breathing• Extubation readiness and airway protection• Distinguishing SBT success from readiness for extubation• Common barriers to ventilator liberationThe discussion connects structured ICU assessment with medication selection and respiratory evaluation, emphasizing the complementary roles of breathing capacity, mental status, and airway protection.
🎥 Watch the Full Video on YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WxyAgyx7-Ro📚 Want More Emergency & Critical Care Medicine Education?
Join the WhiteBoard Medicine Patreon community:https://www.patreon.com/WhiteBoardMedicinePatreon members receive access to:• Downloadable Study Guides• Clinical One-Pagers• Practice Questions• Mini-Courses• Comprehensive Clinical Reviews• Ad-Free Videos• Early Access Content🌐 WhiteBoard Medicine Website
Explore our growing library of critical care and emergency medicine content:https://www.whiteboardmedicine.com⚠️ Educational Disclaimer:
This content is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, clinical judgment, or individualized patient care. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of this content.Full disclaimer: https://whiteboardmedicine.com/disclaimer1 hr 39 min - #339 Albumin in Cirrhosis Explained: Physiology, Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis & Hepatorenal Syndrome
Albumin use in cirrhosis connects colloid physiology with the assessment of circulatory dysfunction, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), and hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). This comprehensive episode combines albumin fundamentals with reviews of SBP and HRS, examining the physiologic rationale, clinical applications, and limitations of albumin therapy.
Topics covered include:
• Albumin as an intravenous fluid and colloid• Oncotic pressure and intravascular fluid distribution• Cirrhosis, splanchnic vasodilation, and effective arterial blood volume• The distinction between fluid accumulation and circulatory underfilling• Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management• The role of albumin in SBP treatment• Hepatorenal syndrome: circulatory dysfunction and kidney injury• Evaluation of kidney dysfunction in decompensated cirrhosis• Albumin and vasoconstrictor therapy considerations in HRS• Volume assessment, treatment response, and fluid overload risk• Connecting albumin physiology with disease-specific clinical decisionsThe discussion integrates foundational fluid physiology with complications of cirrhosis, emphasizing why albumin use depends on the clinical indication and hemodynamic context.
🎥 Watch the Full Video on YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K01ZPX4mX5Y📚 Want More Emergency & Critical Care Medicine Education?
Join the WhiteBoard Medicine Patreon community:https://www.patreon.com/WhiteBoardMedicinePatreon members receive access to:• Downloadable Study Guides• Clinical One-Pagers• Practice Questions• Mini-Courses• Comprehensive Clinical Reviews• Ad-Free Videos• Early Access Content🌐 WhiteBoard Medicine Website
Explore our growing library of critical care and emergency medicine content:https://www.whiteboardmedicine.com⚠️ Educational Disclaimer:
This content is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, clinical judgment, or individualized patient care. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of this content.Full disclaimer: https://whiteboardmedicine.com/disclaimer1 hr 14 min - #338 Acid-Base Masterclass: ABG Interpretation, DKA, Salicylate Toxicity & Metformin Lactic Acidosis
Acid-base interpretation connects blood gas findings with the physiology of underlying disease. This masterclass combines a step-by-step approach to arterial blood gas (ABG) interpretation with applications to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), salicylate toxicity, and metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA).
Topics covered include:
• A systematic approach to acid-base disorders and ABG interpretation• Identifying primary metabolic and respiratory disturbances• Assessing compensation and recognizing mixed acid-base disorders• Anion gap interpretation in metabolic acidosis• Diabetic ketoacidosis: ketone production and acid-base changes• Salicylate toxicity: metabolic acidosis and respiratory alkalosis• Respiratory compensation and intubation pitfalls in salicylate poisoning• Metformin-associated lactic acidosis: mechanisms and clinical assessment• Integrating blood gas results, electrolytes, lactate, and clinical findings• Treatment principles and monitoring considerations across these conditionsThe discussion applies foundational acid-base physiology to clinical disease states, emphasizing the relationship between laboratory patterns, underlying mechanisms, and management considerations.
🎥 Watch the Full Video on YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cq9uofnl47s📚 Want More Emergency & Critical Care Medicine Education?
Join the WhiteBoard Medicine Patreon community:https://www.patreon.com/WhiteBoardMedicinePatreon members receive access to:• Downloadable Study Guides• Clinical One-Pagers• Practice Questions• Mini-Courses• Comprehensive Clinical Reviews• Ad-Free Videos• Early Access Content🌐 WhiteBoard Medicine Website
Explore our growing library of critical care and emergency medicine content:https://www.whiteboardmedicine.com⚠️ Educational Disclaimer:
This content is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, clinical judgment, or individualized patient care. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of this content.Full disclaimer: https://whiteboardmedicine.com/disclaimer1 hr 19 min - #337 Advanced Mechanical Ventilation: Driving Pressure, Stress Index & Mechanical Power
Driving pressure, stress index, and mechanical power provide complementary perspectives on respiratory mechanics and the potential for ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). This masterclass brings these three concepts together, examining their physiology, interpretation, clinical applications, and limitations in mechanical ventilation.
Topics covered include:
• Driving pressure: definition, calculation, and interpretation• Relationships between tidal volume, respiratory system compliance, and driving pressure• Plateau pressure and PEEP in respiratory mechanics assessment• Stress index and the pressure-time waveform• Interpreting waveform patterns associated with recruitment and overdistension• Conditions required for meaningful stress index assessment• Mechanical power and energy delivery during ventilation• Contributions of tidal volume, respiratory rate, pressure, and flow• Connections between ventilator settings and lung injury• Comparing the information provided by each measure• Applications to lung-protective ventilation and ARDS• Limitations of individual measurements and bedside interpretationThe discussion connects pressure, waveform shape, and energy delivery to provide a structured framework for evaluating ventilator settings. Emphasis is placed on interpreting these measures in the context of respiratory mechanics and the overall clinical picture.
🎥 Watch the Full Video on YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CGFPNwXqVsg📚 Want More Emergency & Critical Care Medicine Education?
Join the WhiteBoard Medicine Patreon community:https://www.patreon.com/WhiteBoardMedicinePatreon members receive access to:• Downloadable Study Guides• Clinical One-Pagers• Practice Questions• Mini-Courses• Comprehensive Clinical Reviews• Ad-Free Videos• Early Access Content🌐 WhiteBoard Medicine Website
Explore our growing library of critical care and emergency medicine content:https://www.whiteboardmedicine.com⚠️ Educational Disclaimer:
This content is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, clinical judgment, or individualized patient care. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of this content.Full disclaimer: https://whiteboardmedicine.com/disclaimer57 min
About WBM Emergency & Critical Care
From the publisher's feed
WBM Emergency & Critical Care is an educational podcast focused on emergency medicine, critical care, and acute care topics. Through physiology-based discussions and evidence-informed reviews, we aim to help healthcare professionals strengthen their understanding of complex clinical concepts.
To contact us, email [email protected]
WBM provides educational content for healthcare professionals and trainees. Content is intended for educational purposes only and should not be used as a substitute for independent clinical judgment. Full disclaimer: https://whiteboardmedicine.com/disclaimer/
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