Study questions, maps, charts, key words, history, background, outlines, and links to help you study Paul's letter to the Romans.
Bible Study: Romans: Justification by Faith
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Basics
* Author: Apostle Paul (never doubted)* Who was Paul?* Audience: mixed community of Jews and Greeks* Occasion and Date: From Corinth, c. 57 AD, near the end of 3rd missionary journey* Purpose: To explain the gospel and introduce himself to the Romans before visiting them
Literary outline
A "diatribe" is the creation of an imaginary dialogue. Diatribe was a standard form of classroom teaching in the ancient near east. A diatribe typically contained:
* apostrophe (exclamation): Rom 2:1; Rom 3:17. * rhetorical questions: Rom 2:3-4; Rom 2:21-23; Rom 7:1; Rom 8:31-35; Rom 9:19-21; Rom 9:30; Rom 10:14-15; Rom 11:34-35.* questions answered by abrupt answers, e.g. 'by no means': Rom 3:2-9; Rom 6:1-2; Rom 6:15; Rom 7:7; Rom 7:13; Rom 11:1; Rom 11:11.* hyperbole: Rom 8:27-29; Rom 9:3.* lists of vices and virtues: Rom 1:29-31. * examples from the past: Rom 4:1-25.* citations of written texts as authorities: Rom 9:1-11:36.
Classical structure of a diatribe
* a statement of the main thesis (e.g. "every person is free")* a demonstration by means of antithesis (e.g. how vice leads to slavery)* a restatement of the main thesis* a demonstration of the thesis by example (e.g. that someone was free because of his moral virtue even though he was a slave)* an exposition of the thesis, often drawing on written works* an answering of objections to the thesis (e.g. to the objection "aren't there virtuous people who are prisoners?"
Romans as a diatribe
* Thesis - Rom 1:16-17* antithesis - Rom 1:18-3:20* restatement of thesis - Rom 3:21-31* demonstration by example - Rom 4:1-25* exposition of thesis - Rom 5:1-21* answering objections - Rom 6:1-8:39* further exposition drawing on OT texts - Rom 9:1-11:36
Genre: Understanding Epistles
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Section 1: Background
Background & Outlines
* Romans Study Text NASB* Romans Study Test ESV* Map of NT Churches* Chronology of Paul* Blue Letter Bible: Chronology of Acts/Epistles*