Earlier this month the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Medicine issued a report that considered the scientific, ethical, and governance issues surrounding human genome editing. The report comes as new gene editing technologies have reduced the cost and increased the ease of manipulating the human genome. We spoke to Alta Charo, co-chair of the study committee that wrote the report and professor of Law and Bioethics at University of Wisconsin-Madison, about the study, the potential for this science, and where the committee thought limits should be imposed.