A set of tools designed to safeguard data while in use in motion and at rest. 

CyberWire Glossary link: ⁠https://thecyberwire.com/glossary/data-loss-prevention⁠

Audio reference link: HistoryHeard. “⁠Data Loss Prevention - CompTIA Security+ SY0-501 - 2.1⁠,” Professor Messer, uploaded 20 November 2017

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A system that translates text-based URLs to their underlying numerical IP addresses.

CyberWire Glossary link: ⁠https://thecyberwire.com/glossary/domain-name-system-dns⁠

Audio reference link: HistoryHeard. “⁠History Heard: Paul Mockapetris.⁠” YouTube, YouTube, 5 Apr. 2009.

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A social engineering technique in which a threat actor poses as a trusted person or entity in order to trick the victim into disclosing information or performing an action that benefits the attacker.

CyberWire Glossary link: ⁠https://thecyberwire.com/glossary/pretexting⁠

Audio reference link: “⁠Batch Pin Hurt Charlize Theron Skin | the Italian Job (2003) Movie Scene.⁠” YouTube, YouTube, 22 Nov. 2016. 

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A layer seven firewall designed to block threats at the application layer of the open system interconnection model, the OSI model. 

CyberWire Glossary link: ⁠https://thecyberwire.com/glossary/web-application-firewall⁠

Audio reference link: “VCF East 9.1 - Ches' Computer Security Adventures - Bill Cheswick.” YouTube, 29 Dec. 2015, ⁠https://youtu.be/trR1cuBtcPs⁠. 

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An IT governance framework developed by ISACA. 

CyberWire Glossary link: ⁠https://thecyberwire.com/glossary/cobit⁠

Audio reference link: isacappc. “How Do You Explain Cobit to Your Dad – or Your CEO?” YouTube, YouTube, 24 Aug. 2016, ⁠https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EYATVkddIyw⁠. 

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A security architecture that incorporates the cloud shared responsibility model, a vendor provided security stack, and network peering with one or more of the big content providers and their associated fiber networks. 

CyberWire Glossary link: ⁠https://thecyberwire.com/glossary/security-service-edge⁠

Audio reference link: Netskope (2022). What is Security Service Edge (SSE). YouTube. Available at: ⁠https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z9H84nvgBqw⁠ [Accessed 21 Oct. 2022].

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A social engineering tactic in which hackers build a malicious domain to mimic a legitimate one.

CyberWire Glossary link: ⁠https://thecyberwire.com/glossary/domain-spoofing⁠

Audio reference link: ⁠“Mission Impossible Fallout - Hospital Scene.”⁠ YouTube, YouTube, 8 Oct. 2018,

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A layer seven firewall that sits in line at the boundary between the internet and an organization's network perimeter that allows security policy enforcement and can perform certain prevention and detection tasks.

CyberWire Glossary link: ⁠https://thecyberwire.com/glossary/secure-web-gateway⁠

Audio reference link: ‌Vintage Computer Federation (2015). VCF East 9.1 - Ches’ Computer Security Adventures - Bill Cheswick. YouTube. Available at: ⁠https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=trR1cuBtcPs.

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Digital evidence that a system or network has been breached.

CyberWire Glossary link: ⁠https://thecyberwire.com/glossary/indicator-of-compromise⁠

Audio reference link: ‌”⁠Suicide or Murder? | The Blind Banker | Sherlock⁠,” uploaded by Sherlock, 18 October 2015

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A system that monitors for malicious or unwanted activity, and either raises alerts when such activity is detected or blocks the traffic from passing to the target.

CyberWire Glossary link: ⁠https://thecyberwire.com/glossary/intrusion-detection-system⁠

Audio reference link: “⁠Network Intrusion Detection and Prevention - CompTIA Security+ SY0-501 - 2.1⁠,” Professor Messer, uploaded 16 November, 2017

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