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An attack technique that leverages an unprotected web server as a proxy for attackers to send commands through to other computers. 

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The absence of telemetry that could help network defenders detect and respond to hostile attempts to compromise a system. 

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Ineffectual confirmation of a user's identity or authentication in session management.

CyberWire Glossary link: ⁠https://thecyberwire.com/glossary/owasp-identification-and-authentication-failure⁠

Audio reference link: “⁠Mr. Robot Hack - Password Cracking - Episode 1⁠.” YouTube Video. YouTube, September 21, 2016.

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An open source Java-based software tool available from the Apache Software Foundation designed to log security and performance information. 

CyberWire Glossary link: ⁠https://thecyberwire.com/glossary/log4j⁠

Audio reference link: “⁠CISA Director: The LOG4J Security Flaw Is the ‘Most Serious’ She’s Seen in Her Career⁠,” by Eamon Javers (CNBC) and Jen Easterly (Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Director) YouTube, 20 December 20 2021.

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Software users are allowed access to data or functionality contrary to the defined zero trust policy by bypassing or manipulating the installed security controls. 

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The state of a web application when it's vulnerable to attack due to an insecure configuration. 

CyberWire Glossary link: ⁠⁠https://thecyberwire.com/glossary/owasp-security-misconfiguration⁠⁠

Audio reference link: ⁠⁠“What Is the Elvish Word for Friend?”⁠⁠ Quora, 2021.

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A broad OWASP Top 10 software development category representing missing, ineffective, or unforeseen security measures.

CyberWire Glossary link: https://thecyberwire.com/glossary/owasp-insecure-design

Audio reference link: “Oceans Eleven Problem Constraints Assumptions.” by Steve Jones, YouTube, 4 November 2015.

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A broad class of attack vectors, where an attacker supplies input to an applications command interpreter that results in unanticipated functionality. 

CyberWire Glossary link: https://thecyberwire.com/glossary/owasp-injection

Audio reference link: “APPSEC Cali 2018 - Taking on the King: Killing Injection Vulnerabilities” YouTube Video. YouTube, March 19, 2018.

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Code that fails to protect sensitive information. 

CyberWire Glossary link: https://thecyberwire.com/glossary/owasp-cryptographic-failure

Audio reference link: Vandana Verma. “OWASP Spotlight - Project 10 - Top10.” YouTube Video. YouTube, January 4, 2021.

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The prevention of the first part of an intrusion kill chain model exploitation technique, where the hacker steals valid logging credentials from a targeted victim. 

CyberWire Glossary link: https://thecyberwire.com/glossary/account-takeover-prevention