The story of Hedwig Höss offers a rare look into how family life existed alongside one of the most infamous places created during the Second World War. While her husband, Rudolf Höss, served as commandant of Auschwitz, Hedwig oversaw a household located only meters from the camp complex itself. Surrounded by gardens, children’s toys, and carefully maintained grounds, the Höss family created what appeared to be an ordinary domestic life in extraordinary circumstances.

Born in Germany in 1908, Hedwig became involved with nationalist movements at an early age and later met Rudolf Höss through political circles that shaped both of their futures. As his career within the SS expanded, the family moved between different assignments before eventually settling in occupied Poland, where Rudolf Höss was tasked with establishing and running Auschwitz. Their villa, positioned beside the camp, became both a family home and a symbol of the contradictions that defined life under Nazi rule. This documentary examines daily life within the Höss household, the role prisoners played in maintaining the property, and the experiences of those who worked inside the family’s domestic sphere. It explores how ideology shaped family life, how privilege functioned during wartime occupation, and how former prisoners later remembered the people living behind the villa walls. Testimony from survivors, family members, and postwar investigations provides a complex picture of life inside one of history’s most controversial households.

The documentary also follows the final months of the war, the disappearance of the Höss family, and the postwar years that followed. Decades later, historians continue to debate where responsibility begins, how ordinary routines coexist with extraordinary events, and what role individuals around systems of persecution played within them.

This episode is part of the series Fascist Wives and Companions.

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The Röhm Purge, also known as the Night of the Long Knives, was a decisive turning point in the consolidation of Adolf Hitler’s dictatorship in Nazi Germany. In June 1934, Hitler ordered the elimination of Ernst Röhm, leader of the SA (Sturmabteilung), along with much of its top leadership. What began as an internal power struggle within the Nazi Party ended in a wave of executions that reshaped the Third Reich and secured Hitler’s absolute control. Ernst Röhm had transformed the SA into a massive paramilitary force of nearly three million men, far outnumbering the Reichswehr, Germany’s official army. Röhm envisioned the SA replacing the traditional military with a revolutionary “people’s army.” However, this ambition alarmed Germany’s conservative elites and military leadership—support that Hitler desperately needed to solidify his rule. Under pressure from Reichswehr generals, President Paul von Hindenburg, and influential Nazi figures such as Heinrich Himmler, Hermann Göring, and Reinhard Heydrich, Hitler chose to act. Between June 30 and July 2, 1934, SS units carried out coordinated arrests and executions. Röhm was imprisoned and ultimately shot in his cell on Hitler’s direct order. Alongside SA leaders, the purge targeted political rivals including former Chancellor Kurt von Schleicher and Gregor Strasser. Though official figures listed around 90 victims, estimates suggest the death toll may have reached several hundred. The purge not only destroyed the political power of the SA but also elevated the SS as an independent and dominant force within Nazi Germany. Shortly afterward, Hitler merged the offices of president and chancellor following Hindenburg’s death, proclaiming himself Führer. The Night of the Long Knives demonstrated the regime’s willingness to use state-sanctioned murder to maintain power and marked a critical step toward totalitarian rule and the radicalization that would culminate in the Holocaust and the Second World War.

This episode is part of the series The Rise and Fall of the SA: Hitler’s Brownshirts.

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The Massacre of Grishino was one of the most controversial war crimes on the Eastern Front during the Second World War. In February 1943, in eastern Ukraine, during the German retreat following the defeat at Stalingrad, Soviet forces overran the town of Grishino (today Pokrovsk). Days later, when Wehrmacht and SS units returned, they discovered a scene of devastation that would become one of the most controversial atrocities of WWII. According to German reports, nearly 600 victims—including Wehrmacht soldiers, Axis troops, nurses, and civilian personnel—had been killed after falling into Soviet hands. Many bodies showed signs of execution at close range, while others bore evidence of extreme violence. The massacre quickly became a central element in Nazi Germany propaganda, reinforcing narratives used since Operation Barbarossa about the brutality of the Soviet enemy. The events unfolded in the wider context of the Nazi occupation of Ukraine, where German forces, Einsatzgruppen units, and collaborators had already committed mass atrocities against civilians, particularly during the Holocaust in Ukraine. As the war escalated, cycles of violence, revenge, and retaliation intensified across the frontlines. The Massacre of Grishino remains a controversial and heavily debated war crime of WWII, reflecting the savage nature of the conflict between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. It highlights how the Eastern Front became a battlefield where conventional rules collapsed, and both sides engaged in ruthless warfare. This WW2 documentary explores the historical context, the events themselves, and the broader implications of war crimes, collaborators, and total war during one of the darkest chapters of world history.

This episode is part of the series The Forgotten Massacres of Defenseless Soldiers in WWII.

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Mildred Gillars: American “Axis Sally” Who Broadcast Nazi Propaganda to U.S. Troops

Mildred Gillars, better known as “Axis Sally,” became one of the most recognizable voices of Nazi propaganda during the Second World War. Born in the United States and trained in drama and music, she moved through Europe searching for artistic opportunities before eventually settling in Berlin in the mid-1930s. When war broke out, her fluent English and theatrical talent drew the attention of Joseph Goebbels’s Ministry of Propaganda, which was eager to reach Allied soldiers with targeted psychological messaging. Gillars soon became a key broadcaster for the Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft, delivering programs designed to unsettle American troops and weaken morale at home. Her broadcasts mixed sentimental language with carefully scripted threats, suggesting that the men fighting in Europe were doomed and that their loved ones in America had already moved on. The most infamous of these programs, “Vision of Invasion,” aired in May 1944 and dramatized the imagined death of a U.S. soldier during the upcoming Allied landing. The goal was clear: plant fear and doubt on the eve of D-Day. Although Allied commanders dismissed her as propaganda, soldiers knew her voice well, and the nicknames “Axis Sally” and “Bitch of Berlin” reflected both contempt and unease. After the collapse of Nazi Germany, Gillars tried to disappear into the ruins of Berlin, but U.S. counterintelligence arrested her in 1946. She was brought back to America, tried for treason, and convicted for her role in “Vision of Invasion.” Sentenced to up to 30 years, she served twelve before returning to obscurity. Her story remains a stark reminder of how propaganda can weaponize language — and how a single voice can become a tool of war.

This episode is part of the series Fascist Collaborators.

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Kurt Franz was one of the most brutal perpetrators of the Holocaust — a man whose innocent appearance hid a capacity for cruelty that made him feared in every camp he served. Born in Düsseldorf in 1914, Franz joined the Nazi Party before Hitler came to power and later entered the SS “Death’s Head Units,” the formation responsible for running the Nazi concentration and extermination camps. His career followed the darkest path of the regime, from Buchenwald to the T4 killing centers, where he helped implement the mass murder of disabled men, women, and children. In 1942 Franz arrived in occupied Poland as part of Operation Reinhard, the Nazi plan to exterminate the Jews of the General Government. After serving at Bełżec, he was transferred to Treblinka — one of the deadliest murder sites in human history — where he became the camp’s final commandant. Prisoners nicknamed him Lalka, “the doll,” but behind this harmless name stood a sadistic killer who whipped, shot, tortured, and hunted prisoners, often with the help of his St. Bernard dog Barry. His violence spared no one: men, women, children, and even infants fell victim to his cruelty. Franz enforced the smooth, industrialized murder of nearly 925,000 Jews at Treblinka and played a central role in the camp’s final destruction after the prisoner revolt of August 1943. He worked later in Italy, persecuting Jews and partisans until the end of the war. Only in 1959 was he finally arrested, after investigators found his photo album titled Beautiful Years, documenting life inside Treblinka. In 1965 he was convicted for the murder of hundreds of thousands of people and sentenced to life imprisonment, though released in 1993 for “health reasons.” Kurt Franz died in 1998, a free man — but his crimes remain among the most horrific in the history of the Holocaust.

This episode is part of the series The Nazi Camp Commandants.

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Otto Thierack, the man who weaponized the Nazi justice system, played a central role in turning German courts into instruments of terror. As Minister of Justice and president of the notorious People’s Court, he helped transform law into a tool of political repression, sending thousands to their deaths. This documentary explores the life, rise, and brutal legacy of Otto Georg Thierack, one of the most radical legal architects of the Third Reich. Born in 1889, Thierack rose through Germany’s legal ranks during the Weimar Republic before joining the Nazi Party in 1932. Once Hitler seized power, he became a key figure in the Nazification of justice — dismissing Jewish and opposition judges, expanding special courts, and helping establish a system where loyalty to Hitler mattered more than the law. As president of the Volksgerichtshof, he worked alongside Roland Freisler and other fanatical Nazi judges, issuing death sentences for so-called “political crimes,” including resistance, defeatism, and contacts with foreign powers. Thierack was involved in the Action T4 euthanasia program, endorsed the concept of "extermination through work," and cooperated directly with Heinrich Himmler and Reinhard Heydrich. He oversaw the execution facilities at Plötzensee Prison, where hundreds were hanged, often without completed appeals. His brutality made him one of the most feared officials of the Nazi judicial hierarchy. Despite his immense responsibility for Nazi crimes, Thierack escaped justice. Arrested after the war, he committed suicide in 1946 before he could be tried. This video examines Thierack’s rise, his role in the People’s Court, his involvement in Nazi executions, and the deadly consequences of a judicial system turned into a political weapon.

This episode is part of the series High-Ranking officials of the Third Reich.

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Wilhelm Dörr was a Nazi SS guard whose crimes during the final months of the Second World War made him one of the youngest war criminals executed after the Holocaust. Born in 1921 in Merenberg, Germany, Dörr grew up during the rise of Adolf Hitler and, like millions of German boys, was indoctrinated through the Hitler Youth, which shaped loyalty to the Nazi regime and prepared youth for war and obedience. After being rejected by the Wehrmacht, Dörr volunteered for the Waffen-SS in 1940. Following illness and retraining, he was assigned to the SS-Totenkopfverbände, the Death’s Head Units responsible for guarding and administering Nazi concentration camps. Dörr served at Sachsenhausen before being transferred to Mittelbau-Dora, a camp where prisoners were worked to death producing V-1 and V-2 rockets in underground tunnels. Conditions were brutal: starvation, beatings, executions, and exhaustion killed tens of thousands. In late 1944, Dörr became deputy commander of the Kleinbodungen subcamp. As Allied forces advanced in April 1945, Dörr was among the SS guards who led a death march of more than 600 prisoners toward Bergen-Belsen. Along the way, prisoners who collapsed, lagged behind, or attempted escape were executed without hesitation. Multiple witnesses testified that Dörr personally shot prisoners during the march, often leaving their bodies by the roadside or in forests. One of the most horrific episodes connected to the evacuation was the Gardelegen massacre, where over 1,000 prisoners were burned alive in a barn by SS guards as American forces approached. Although Dörr’s exact role remains debated, survivors identified him as an active participant in the violence against marching prisoners. After the liberation of Bergen-Belsen by British forces on 15 April 1945, Dörr was captured. He was tried at the Belsen Trial beginning in September 1945, where he denied responsibility despite overwhelming eyewitness testimony. Convicted of war crimes, Wilhelm Dörr was sentenced to death and hanged by British executioner Albert Pierrepoint on 13 December 1945 at the age of just 24. His case stands as a grim example of how indoctrination, obedience, and brutality transformed young men into perpetrators of mass murder.

This episode is part of the series Male Fascist Guards and Camp Auxiliaries.

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Sverre Riisnæs was one of the most powerful and fanatical collaborators in Nazi-occupied Norway. When Germany invaded the country in April 1940 under Operation Weserübung, Riisnæs quickly aligned himself with Vidkun Quisling and the fascist party Nasjonal Samling. A skilled lawyer and former state prosecutor, he soon rose to become Minister of Justice — a position from which he reshaped the Norwegian legal system into an instrument of Nazi control. Under his authority, new laws were introduced to criminalize resistance, suppress political opponents, and legitimize Nazi terror. Riisnæs was deeply antisemitic and played a central role in the deportation of Norwegian Jews in 1942, actions that led to the murder of more than 700 people in Auschwitz. His loyalty to Germany was absolute: he supported the Germanic SS, held the rank of SS-Standartenführer, and pushed for thousands of Norwegians to serve on the Eastern Front. Behind this façade of power, Riisnæs struggled with severe psychological instability. His erratic behavior, delusions, and heavy drinking became increasingly visible toward the end of the war. After the assassination of his friend Karl Marthinsen in February 1945, Riisnæs personally took part in brutal reprisals, participating in executions carried out while he was heavily intoxicated. After Norway’s liberation, Riisnæs attempted to evade responsibility by feigning insanity. He succeeded: because of his bizarre courtroom behavior, all charges were suspended, and he spent decades in psychiatric care before quietly rebuilding his life. He died in 1988, showing no remorse for his actions — still convinced that Quisling would be remembered as a hero.

This episode is part of the series High Ranking Fascist Collaborators: Politicians.

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The Kleisoura massacre was one of the most notorious Nazi atrocities against Greek civilians during the German occupation of Greece in the Second World War. After the 1941 invasion, resistance movements quickly formed across the country, striking German convoys and disrupting military operations. In response, the Wehrmacht and SS unleashed devastating reprisals on civilians, especially in regions suspected of supporting partisans.

One of the most infamous of these tragedies was the Kleisoura massacre. On 5 April 1944, units of the 4th SS Polizei Panzergrenadier Division, accompanied by Bulgarian collaborators, entered the village of Kleisoura following an ambush on a German patrol nearby. What followed was an act of mass terror: homes were burned, families were executed, and entire neighborhoods were destroyed. Women, children, and the elderly made up the majority of the victims.

This massacre became one of the darkest chapters of the German occupation of Greece, symbolizing the brutality inflicted on innocent civilians during the Nazi campaign against local resistance. The violence in Kleisoura was not an isolated act. Similar reprisals across Greece—including the atrocities committed in Distomo—reflected a systematic policy of terror intended to crush resistance through fear. The destruction of villages, mass executions, and torture of civilians left deep and lasting scars on Greek society.

This video examines the events leading to the Kleisoura massacre, the forces responsible, and the lasting impact of these crimes on Greece’s wartime history. It also highlights the broader context of German occupation policies and the resilience of the Greek people under one of the harshest regimes in occupied Europe.

This episode is part of the series Massacres of Civilians During World War II.

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Jozef Gabčík was born on 8 April 1912 in the village of Poluvsie in today’s Slovakia, then part of Austria-Hungary. He was one of 4 children of well-to-do peasants. In October 1932 Gabčík enlisted in the Czechoslovak Army and was assigned to Infantry Regiment 14, stationed in the historic city of Košice. There, among men of diverse backgrounds, he began to learn not only the art of warfare but also the virtues of loyalty and sacrifice. His exemplary conduct and natural leadership soon earned him a place at the non-commissioned officers’ school in Prešov, a city in the East of today’s Slovakia, then part of Czechoslovakia. Gabčík chose his path in army even if it came at the cost of his father’s disapproval. On 14 March 1939, Jozef Tiso - the Slovak politician and Roman Catholic priest - declared independence from Czechoslovakia by an act of the Slovak Assembly.

The same day, Tiso became Prime Minister of the new Slovak state and one day later on 15 March, Nazi Germany invaded and occupied the Czech provinces of Bohemia and Moravia, in flagrant violation of the Munich Agreement. The outbreak of the Second World War on 1 September 1939, however, dramatically altered the landscape. An agreement between the French Republic and Czechoslovak representatives resulted in the transfer of Czechoslovak soldiers from the Foreign Legion into a reconstituted Czechoslovak Army in exile.

This episode is part of the series The Anti-Fascist Heroes.

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