The Civil War and Reconstruction (HIST 119)

Professor Blight follows Robert E. Lee's army north into Maryland during the summer of 1862, an invasion that culminated in the Battle of Antietam, fought in September of 1862. In the wake of Antietam, Abraham Lincoln issued his preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, a document that changed the meaning of the war forever. Professor Blight suggests some of the ways in which Americans have attempted to come to grips with the enigmatic Lincoln, and argues that, in the end, it may be Lincoln's capacity for change that was his most important characteristic. The lecture concludes with the story of John Washington, a Virginia slave whose concerted action suggests the central role American slaves played in securing their own freedom.

00:00 - Chapter 1. Introduction: Turning Points in the Civil War
07:42 - Chapter 2. Robert E. Lee's Assumptions on Moving North
15:55 - Chapter 3. The Battle of Antietam
25:07 - Chapter 4. Lincoln's Personal Views on Slavery and Historical Legacy
35:11 - Chapter 5. Slave Conscription and the Emancipation Proclamation
47:35 - Chapter 6. The Story of John Washington and Conclusion

Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses

This course was recorded in Spring 2008.

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In this lesson, we delve into the critical aspects of evaluating machine learning methods and the vital importance of data integrity. We'll explore fundamental concepts like separate training and testing sets, cross-validation techniques, and the significant challenge of 'p-hacking' that can undermine research reproducibility. Understanding these issues is crucial for developing robust and trustworthy medical software.

🎯 Learning Objectives
• Understand the core principles of evaluating machine learning models.
• Differentiate between training and testing data, and the importance of generalization.
• Explain K-fold and leave-one-out cross-validation techniques.
• Recognize the prevalence and impact of data cleaning in real-world machine learning applications.
• Define 'p-hacking' and its implications for the reliability and reproducibility of machine learning research.

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Introduction to Ancient Greek History (CLCV 205)

In this lecture, Professor Kagan finishes up his description of the Spartan constitution. He argues that Sparta had a mixed constitution and gained great power due to alliances that the Spartans made with their neighbors. After the discussion of Sparta, Professor Kagan examines Athens and the development of the Athenian constitution. In addition, he shows how different these two poleis were. Finally, Professor Kagan discusses the emergence of the hoplite class in Athens and the failure of Cylon to make himself tyrant of Athens.

00:00 - Chapter 1. The Spartan Assembly
10:53 - Chapter 2. The Spartan Alliance
26:32 - Chapter 3. Motivations for Sparta's Foreign Policy
34:38 - Chapter 4. The Rise of Athens
46:09 - Chapter 5. Early Athenian Society
01:07:34 - Chapter 6. Cylon's Failed Coup d'État

Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses

This course was recorded in Fall 2007.

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Ever wondered where the t-distribution came from? In this lesson, we conclude our exploration of statistical significance by delving into the fascinating history of the t-distribution, born out of the Guinness Brewery. We then transition to its crucial role in modern clinical trials, explaining power analysis, type I and type II errors, and the importance of sample size. Finally, we discuss critical caveats and common misinterpretations of statistical significance and p-values.

🎯 Learning Objectives
• Explore the historical origins of the t-distribution, including its connection to the Guinness Brewery.
• Understand the characteristics of the t-distribution, particularly its "fatter tails" and higher probability of extreme values.
• Learn about power analysis and its use in determining appropriate sample sizes for clinical trials.
• Differentiate between Type I and Type II errors and grasp the concept of statistical power.
• Recognize the limitations and common misinterpretations of statistical significance, including the issue of p-hacking.

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The American Novel Since 1945 (ENGL 291)

Professor Hungerford draws a contrast between Toni Morrison and most of the writers studied up to this point in the course by pointing out how, for an African-American woman writer in particular, language is a site of violence. For all of her power to recuperate the voices of the oppressed, the novelist must be wary of the ways that breaking the silence, too, can constitute an act of invasion. As in the case of Pynchon, the word in The Bluest Eye enacts a near-physical touch; this is its pleasure and its danger. With inimitable complexity and grace, Morrison weaves her narrative around a young black girl who, in the void of her social persona, constructs a beautiful and poisonous fiction.

00:00 - Chapter 1. Morrison's Politics: The Other Side of the 1960s
07:16 - Chapter 2. Choosing a Form: Morrison's Use of the Novel
16:40 - Chapter 3. Complicated Sympathy: Cholly Breedlove
31:15 - Chapter 4. Negativities: The Other Engine of Narrative
42:56 - Chapter 5. Reading, Rape and Race: Poison in the Canon

Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses

This course was recorded in Spring 2008.

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Introduction to Ancient Greek History (CLCV 205)

In this lecture, Professor Donald Kagan tells the story of the emergence of the polis from the Dark Ages. He shows that by the time of the poet Hesiod, there is already a polis in place. He describes the importance of the polis in the Greek world and explains that it was much more than a mere place of habitation; it was a place where there was justice, law, community, and a set of cultural values that held Greeks together. Finally, Professor Kagan argues, following the lead of Victor David Hanson, that the polis came to be chiefly through the emergence of a new man: the hoplite farmer.

00:00 - Chapter 1. The Polis in Hesiod's Work
22:01 - Chapter 2. The Citizen
26:32 - Chapter 3. Greek Farmers and the Function of the Polis
36:12 - Chapter 4. Property Holding and Internal Colonization
42:26 - Chapter 5. The New Farm
57:09 - Chapter 6. Politics

Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses

This course was recorded in Fall 2007.

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Financial Markets (ECON 252)

Several theories in finance relate to stock price analysis and prediction. The efficient markets hypothesis states that stock prices for publicly-traded companies reflect all available information. Prices adjust to new information instantaneously, so it is impossible to "beat the market." Furthermore, the random walk theory asserts that changes in stock prices arise only from unanticipated new information, and so it is impossible to predict the direction of stock prices. Using statistical tools, we can attempt to test the hypotheses and to predict future stock prices. These tests show that efficient markets theory is a half-truth: it is difficult but not impossible for some people to beat the market.

00:00 - Chapter 1. Last Thoughts on Insurance and Catastrophe Bonds
06:28 - Chapter 2. Information Access and the Efficient Markets Hypothesis
20:00 - Chapter 3. Varying Degrees of Efficient Markets and No Dividends: The Case of First Federal Financial
41:44 - Chapter 4. The Random Walk Theory
51:30 - Chapter 5. The First Order Auto-regressive Model
56:59 - Chapter 6. Challenges in Forecasting the Market

Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses

This course was recorded in Spring 2008.

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In this lesson, Professor John Onofrey delves into the unique practical issues and challenges that Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning applications encounter throughout the medical software life cycle. He contrasts these with traditional software development, highlighting the critical role of training data, risk assessment from sources like distributional shifts and adversarial attacks, and the necessity for robust system design to manage the inherent 'black box' nature and potential failures of AI/ML models in clinical settings.

🎯 Learning Objectives
• Differentiate the unique requirements and challenges of AI/ML applications within the medical software life cycle from traditional software.
• Identify and understand critical risk factors for AI/ML systems, such as distributional shifts, adversarial attacks, and performance drift.
• Explain the intrinsic link between training data, model development, and the importance of reproducibility and quality control.
• Articulate the concept of treating AI/ML components as "unsafe" and designing robust systems with failure mitigation strategies, including human-in-the-loop approaches.
• Describe the distinct workflows for training and deploying AI/ML models and the need for continuous post-market monitoring.

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Game Theory (ECON 159)

In the first half of the lecture, we consider the chain-store paradox. We discuss how to build the idea of reputation into game theory; in particular, in setting like this where a threat or promise would otherwise not be credible. The key idea is that players may not be completely certain about other players' payoffs or even their rationality. In the second half of the lecture, we stage a duel, a game of pre-emption. The key strategic question in such games is when; in this case, when to fire. We use two ideas from earlier lectures, dominance and backward induction, to analyze the game. Finally we discuss two biases found in Americans: overconfidence and over-valuing being pro-active.

00:00 - Chapter 1. Establishing a Reputation: Selten's Chain Store Paradox
20:56 - Chapter 2. Establishing a Reputation: Discussion
25:18 - Chapter 3. Dueling: Game Setup
34:04 - Chapter 4. Dueling: Game Analysis
45:42 - Chapter 5. Dueling: Finding a Solution
01:11:24 - Chapter 6. Dueling: Generalization

Complete course materials are available at the Yale Online website: online.yale.edu


This course was recorded in Fall 2007.

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Have you ever wondered how organizations ensure fairness, transparency, and accountability? In this lesson, we delve into the world of governance structures, exploring the principles, policies, and procedures that protect an institution's people and processes. We'll specifically examine three crucial components: bylaws, the board of trustees, and innovative shared leadership models, highlighting how they empower social enterprises to stay true to their mission.

🎯 Learning Objectives
• Define governance and understand its fundamental purpose.
• Explain the role of bylaws in establishing an organization's operational framework and mission alignment.
• Discuss the function of a board of trustees and the importance of diversity in its composition.
• Explore different governance models, including community engagement and shared leadership, for designing an organization that reflects its values.

📚 About the Course
Have you ever wondered what it would be like to create real change? You don't have to start your own organization to make a difference in the world. Everyone can learn the social entrepreneurship mindset and skillset to build social impact. In this course, you will immerse yourself in a social or environmental challenge you want to tackle. You'll start by researching your topic of choice, talking to people, and ideating a potential solution that you can contribute. Then, you'll build a business model around that solution, understanding concepts like measuring social change, ensuring financial viability, funding and pitching.

This course is a safe space to experiment and explore. You'll be guided by a ten stage framework to help structure your journey. Along the way, you'll hear from social entrepreneurs around the world through case studies and campus conversations. These include Yale alumni, members of the New Haven community, and global changemakers. Everyone is welcome to join this course! You can apply your lived, learned, or professional experience to discover how you're going to make a difference.

📺 Watch the full playlist on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLh9mgdi4rNezbi0aRJeVnt99ynTVZG1PL

🎓 Enroll on Coursera for assessments and a certificate: https://online.yale.edu/courses/creating-change-through-social-entrepreneurship

🌐 Explore more learning opportunities on Yale Online: https://online.yale.edu/courses/creating-change-through-social-entrepreneurship

#SocialEntrepreneurship #YaleCourse #Impact #Changemakers #BusinessPlan #DesignThinking

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