愛、生活、人生系列

張愛玲的文學衷愛


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張愛玲的文學衷愛:願歲月靜好,現世安穩
    今天,讓我來分享張愛玲的文學世界,我是很樂意的,一方面,我很喜歡張愛玲本人,另一方面,她的小說、作品集,是非常動人的。她的寫作風格,非常的抒情,有散文般的美麗。她的故事,更是感人肺腑,深入心懷,久久不能自已!說她早熟也好,倔強也好,她就耐得住那份孤寂,傲世獨立,令人不禁唏噓!張愛玲曾對胡蘭成說:「你是知道我的,再怎麼喜歡的東西,我也可以不要。」
    張愛玲家世顯赫,祖父張佩綸,是清朝末年著名清流派大臣。祖母是北洋大臣李鴻章的長女李菊耦。父親張志沂,又名張廷重,是清末民初新舊交替時代的典型遺少,愛好古典文學和鴉片。母親黃逸梵,原名黃素瓊,是清末湘軍水師將領、長江水師提督黃翼升之孫女。黃逸梵雖然是出身於舊式家族的大家閨秀,卻是「踏著三寸金蓮,橫跨兩個時代」的新潮女性,思想極為超前。1915年結婚,1922年遷居天津後,無法容忍丈夫納妾、嫖妓、吸鴉片,在1924年,撇下家庭,陪同小姑,赴歐洲留學,並改名為較浪漫的黃逸梵。黃逸梵學習美術,一雙纏足小腳,卻在瑞士,阿爾卑斯山滑雪,在地中海游泳。1928年回國,1930年離婚。張志沂和黃逸梵生下一女一男,分別是姊姊張愛玲和弟弟張子靜。張愛玲唯一的弟弟張子靜,與張愛玲相差一歲。張子靜長得俊美,但有呼吸道疾病。姑母張茂淵,生於南京,1912年遷居上海,1924--1928年留學英國,任職於怡和洋行,自1938年至1952年,張愛玲一直與張茂淵同住。
     張愛玲本名張煐,於1920年,出生在上海租界西區麥根路的一幢建於清末的仿西式豪宅中。4歲的張愛玲,進入私塾學習。同年,張愛玲的姑姑張茂淵赴英國留學,母親黃素瓊,改名黃逸梵,撇下一對子女,陪同前往。張志沂遂將所納之外室,接到家中,並沉迷於鴉片。1930年,張煐被改名為張愛玲,是為了上中學,報名方便。「愛玲」為英文「Eileen」的譯音。同年,張愛玲的父母離婚,張愛玲跟隨父親生活,張愛玲的母親,和姑媽張茂淵,租了白爾登公寓的一層樓居住。1934年,張愛玲的父親,與民國政府前總理孫寶琦的女兒孫用蕃,在國際飯店舉行婚禮。張愛玲因穿不完的後母舊衣,造成心理壓抑。同時,張愛玲和弟弟,也在繼母的虐待下長大。1937年,張愛玲與繼母發生口角衝突,遭父親痛打,被軟禁半年,並患嚴重的痢疾。1938年,張愛玲離家出走,投奔生母。1939年,她考取倫敦大學的獎學金,準備前往留學,卻因第二次世界大戰爆發,而持倫敦大學成績單,改入香港大學文學院。在香港大學求學期間,張愛玲結識終生朋友炎櫻。1943年,張愛玲見到了上海著名作家和編輯周瘦鵑,獲得賞識,得以連續發表多篇轟動性的中短篇小說,包括《沉香屑》、《第一爐香》、《傾城之戀》、《心經》、《金鎖記》等。1944年,張愛玲結識汪精衛政權宣傳部次長、作家胡蘭成,並與之交往。1944年,胡蘭成與張愛玲在上海秘密結婚,婚禮上只有炎櫻和胡蘭成的侄女胡青芸在場。「胡蘭成與張愛玲簽訂終身,結為夫婦。願使歲月靜好,現世安穩。」前兩句是出自張愛玲之手,後兩句出由胡蘭成所撰。不久,胡蘭成前往武漢辦報,在醫院期間,誘惑了一名17歲的護士周訓德,並與之同居。1945年,胡蘭成逃亡到浙江。在流亡期間,胡蘭成與范秀美同居,張愛玲曾前往探視。1947年,張愛玲寫信與逃亡中的胡蘭成分手。1952年,張愛玲遷居到香港,在香港期間,任職於美國新聞處。開始創作小說《秧歌》與《赤地之戀》。1955年,張愛玲赴美國定居。1956年,生活窘迫的張愛玲,居住在新罕布夏州彼得堡的麥克道威爾文藝營,她結識了65歲的左翼劇作家賴雅並懷孕,同年,兩人結婚。1969年,張愛玲移居加州舊金山灣區。1961年,文學評論家夏志清,在美國耶魯大學出版《中國現代小說史》,有篇幅介紹張愛玲的著作,並推崇張愛玲的《金鎖記》,是中國從古自今最佳中篇小說,確立了張愛玲在中國文學史上的地位。1973年,張愛玲定居加州洛杉磯,晚年於寓所深居簡出。1995年9月8日,張愛玲的房東,發現她逝世於加州洛杉磯,西木區羅徹斯特大道的公寓,享年75歲。
     2009年,帶有自傳色彩的《小團圓》,在台灣由皇冠文化出版。2010年,《異鄉記》、《雷峰塔》、《易經》,在台灣由皇冠文化出版。
短篇小說:
《封鎖》,《心經》,《琉璃瓦》,《留情》,《茉莉香片》,《花凋》,《鴻鸞禧》,《不幸的她》,《桂花蒸阿小悲秋》,《色,戒》
中篇小說:
《金鎖記》,《第一爐香》,《傾城之戀》,《紅玫瑰與白玫瑰》,《同學少年都不賤》,《多少恨》,《連環套》,《浮花浪蕊》,《創世紀》,《小艾》
長篇小說:
《半生緣》(初名《十八春》),《秧歌》,《赤地之戀》,《怨女》
散文集:
《流言》,《惘然記》
Eileen Chang (1920–1995) is arguably the most perceptive (有洞察力的) writer in modern Chinese literature. She was one of the most popular writers in 1940s Shanghai, but her insistence on writing about individual human relationships and mundane matters rather than revolutionary and political movements meant that in mainland China, she was neglected until very recently. Outside the mainland, her life and writings never ceased to fascinate Chinese readers. There are hundreds of works about her in the Chinese language but very few in other languages.
Eileen Chang was born into an aristocratic family in Shanghai. Her father, deeply traditional in his ways, was an opium addict; her mother, partly educated in England, was a sophisticated woman of cosmopolitan tastes. Their unhappy marriage ended in divorce, and Chang eventually ran away from her father—who had beaten her for defying her stepmother, then locked her in her room for nearly half a year. Chang studied literature at the University of Hong Kong, but the Japanese attack on the city in 1941 forced her to return to occupied Shanghai, where she was able to publish the stories and essays (collected in two volumes, Romances (傳奇), 1944, and Written on Water (流言), 1945) that soon made her a literary star. In 1944, Chang married Hu Lancheng, a Japanese sympathizer whose sexual infidelities led to their divorce three years later. The rise of Communist influence made it increasingly difficult for Chang to continue living in Shanghai; she moved to Hong Kong in 1952, then immigrated to the United States three years later. She remarried (an American, Ferdinand Reyher, who died in 1967) and held various posts as a writer in residence; in 1969, she obtained a more permanent position as a researcher at Berkeley. Two novels, both commissioned in the 1950s by the United States Information Service as anti-Communist propaganda, The Rice Sprout Song (秧歌) and Naked Earth (赤地之戀), were followed by a third, The Rouge of the North (怨女) (1967), which expanded on her celebrated early novella “The Golden Cangue (金鎖記).” Chang continued writing essays and stories in Chinese as well scripts for Hong Kong films, and began work on an English translation of the famous Qing novel The Sing-Song Girls of Shanghai (海上花列傳). In spite of the tremendous revival of interest in her work that began in Taiwan and Hong Kong in the 1970s, and that later spread to mainland China, Chang became ever more reclusive as she grew older. Eileen Chang was found dead in her Los Angeles apartment in September 1995. In 2006, NYRB Classics published Love in a Fallen City (傾城之戀), an original collection of her short fiction. The following year, Lust, Caution (色,戒), a film adaptation of Chang’s 1979 novella, directed by Ang Lee, was released.
 



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愛、生活、人生系列By 朱雯娟- Jenny Chu


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