弗罗里达的大沼泽国家公园

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青蛙和蟾蜍有什么区别？

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美国大峡谷国家公园

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采访野生动植物园艺专家Kate（2）

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采访野生动植物园艺专家Kate（1）

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沙漠里的鸟是怎么喝水的？

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诗歌：树

作者：Joyce  Kilmer

朗读： Elysia Jin，施科恩雪

Trees

BY JOYCE KILMER

I think that I shall never see 

A poem lovely as a tree. 

A tree whose hungry mouth is prest 

Against the earth’s sweet flowing breast; 

A tree that looks at God all day, 

And lifts her leafy arms to pray; 

A tree that may in Summer wear 

A nest of robins in her hair; 

Upon whose bosom snow has lain; 

Who intimately lives with rain. 

Poems are made by fools like me, 

But only God can make a tree.

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火山是怎么形成的？

How Volcanoes Form

In 1980 in Washington, after 123 years of hibernation, Mount St.Helens erupted. The blast destroyed and scorched 230 square miles (370 squarekilometers) of forest within minutes. The eruption released an avalanche of hotash, gas, steam, and rocks that mowed down giant trees up to 15 miles (24kilometers) away.

When magma finds a way to escape from beneath the earth's surface,it creates a volcano.

Volcanoes erupt in different ways. Some, like Mount St. Helens,explode. Explosive eruptions are so powerful, they can shoot particles 20 milesup (32 kilometers), hurl 8-ton boulders more than a half mile(0.8 kilometers) away, and cause massive landslides. Explosive eruptionsalso create an avalanche of hot volcanic debris, ash, and gas that bulldozeseverything in its path. Explosive volcanoes cause most of the volcano-relatedfatalities.

Volcanoes, like Mauna Loa in Hawaii, are effusive. Rather than aviolent explosion, lava pours or flows out. Fatalities from effusive volcanoesare rare because people can usually outrun the lava. However, some people gettoo close or become trapped with no escape. The flowing lava burns, melts, anddestroys everything it touches including farms, houses, and roads.

A volcanic eruption forever changes the landscape. Thoughvolcanoes destroy, they also create mountains, islands, and, eventually,incredibly fertile land.

Carpet of Ash

Volcanic eruptions can cause damage hundreds of miles away.Volcanic ash causes airplane engines to fail, destroys crops, contaminateswater, and damages electronics and machinery. The ash carpets the ground,burying everything, sometimes even causing buildings to collapse. Mount St.Helens produced more than 490 tons of ash that fell over a 22,000 square mile(56,980 square kilometer) area and caused problems in cities 370 miles (600kilometers) away.

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什么是植物艺术？（三）

What is botanical art? （3）

For other artists, artistic interpretation comes in through elements such as compositional choices, techniques like shading, or, as Anita Barley puts it in ‘creating a balance on the page, so that they’re artistically pleasing as well as being functional.’

Christabel King, one of the artists judging the works included in the British exhibition for Worldwide Day of Botanical Art says these are the key elements she looked for in the artworks:

‘When judging I looked for a high level of technical skill and a lifelike image, also good use of colour and details of the structure which add interest.’

In botanical art, she looks for:

An image which one can return to and enjoy looking at more than once.
An illustration which shows me the plant as interesting and attractive.
Skill in the use of whatever medium and technique is used to create the image.

For scientific illustration she is interested in:
A life like image.
Clearly defined details and a crisp, clear image
An image which depicts a plant in a known size (either life size or an enlargement which states the scale)

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什么是植物艺术？（二）

What is botanical art? （2）

Penny Price, who will also be showing her work as part of Worldwide Day of Botanical Art, explains: ‘Botanical art is both accurate in detail, informing the viewer how it grows, and has a ‘hang on the wall’ quality. There is freedom to present the work in an artistic way on the page.

Scientific illustration is informative and is often done as black and white pencil or ink drawings and, apart from sensitively arranging the plant parts on the page, is more technical.’

Artists who describe themselves as scientific illustrators include Christabel King, Georita Harriot and Judi Stone, while Hazel Wilks is a botanical illustrator. Penny Price and Anita Barley identify themselves as botanical artists.

Lucy Smith, however, says her work ‘covers different parts of what we consider a spectrum of botanical art practice, from strictly scientific to more expressive art’. She is both a botanical artist and scientific illustrator.

Kew’s botanical artists and scientific illustrators generally agree that their work fuses science and art.

Judi Stone combines illustrating plants to ‘include sufficient information to enable botanists to be able to identify those plants’ with making a ‘resulting work that is favourable to the eye.’

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